山东省湿地公园发展状况与建设策略

在分析山东省湿地公园发展历程,地理位置和气候条件的基础上,建议在规划与管理层面明确管理机制和规划导引对选定建设的地域,尽快依法取得土地资源权属、健全完善的管理机构,对所辖区域进行有效管理、做好长远保护和发展规划、建设基本的旅游设施;在详细设计层面应以滞留利用雨水、保护原生环境、植被多样化和乡土化、水岸处理自然化以及设施建造生态化等措施作为综合的湿地公园建设发展策略。     

城市湿地景观的生态设计

自然湿地生态系统对人类具有重要的意义.在城市规划中对湿地景观进行生态设计,能充分发挥湿地的生态和社会效益.保持湿地系统的生态完整性,植物的科学配置和岸线环境的设计,是城市湿地景观设计的重要因素.以美国圣保罗市安姆斯湖计划、英国伦敦湿地中心和中国成都活水公园为例,介绍了城市景观与湿地生态意义的成功结合.     

湿地景观的恢复与营造——浙江绍兴镜湖国家城市湿地公园及启动区规划设计

介绍了浙江绍兴镜湖国家城市湿地公园及启动区的规划设计。通过植被群落和动物栖息地的营建、水系整理与水质净化以及地域特征的表达的构思,进行合理的分区。在严格保护湿地公园中原生态环境,合理保留生物廊道和生态缓冲区的前提下,对其它湿地区域进行合理的开发利用。     

发挥湿地资源优势,彰显城市生态特色--结合"湿地之城"东营市水系及绿地系统规划

分析了东营市湿地资源的优势及现状湿地资源利用中存在的问题,结合东营市水系及绿地系统规划,提出构建合理完善的水系绿地系统,实施"湿地之城"的战略构想.     

滇池流域湿地植物的引种繁育研究

随着“湿地”概念和“生态”理论在城市水体景观设计和建设中的引入,大量的湿地植物开始应用于城市园林水景中。对再力花(Thaliadealbata)等17种湿地植物在引入滇池流域栽植应用后的生态适应性及繁殖培育技术进行了试验研究,旨在为这些湿地植物品种在该地区以及气候环境相似的其他地区的进一步推广应用提供科学的依据和参考。     

近20 a若尔盖湿地水土流失变化的遥感评估

在若尔盖湿地以1989、2000、2005和2010年的Landsat TM/ETM数据为信息源提取土地覆盖以及植被覆盖度信息,结合ASTER DEM数据,在地理信息系统技术空间分析功能的支持下,依据水利行业《土壤侵蚀分类分级标准》(SL190-2007),通过叠加分析对研究区近20 a水土流失变化状况进行评估并分析了其与沼泽萎缩的关系。研究结果表明:若尔盖湿地土壤水力侵蚀面积广,但是程度轻;2000年以前水土流失程度加重,泥沙淤积是沼泽快速萎缩的原因之一;之后在相关生态环境建设和恢复措施作用下水土流失程度有所减轻,沼泽萎缩也呈减缓趋势。     

扎龙湿地生态环境需水量安全阈值的研究

在湿地生态环境需水量概念内涵剖析的基础上，将生态环境需水量分为存量(蓄水量)与通量(耗水量)两个部分。提出了基于生态水面法的湿地生态环境需水量计算模型。应用该方法对扎龙湿地长序列水面面积数据进行了频率分析，再与湿地生态系统健康状况对照分析，确定生态水面系数，得出湿地生态环境需水量安全阈值。安全阈值分为：最小、中等、理想三个级别，分别计算全年月均最小存量、中等存量和理想存量；全年最小通量、中等通量和理想通量，并分别给出了逐月需水过程。分析计算结果表明，扎龙湿地生态环境需水量变化过程符合当地的自然水文变化规律。     

试论三江平原生态建设

三江平原经过50多年的开发,不但没有形成一个好的湿地农业生态体系,而且使原湿地生态系统也遭到严重破坏.三江平原湿地生态建设中既要保护重建湿地生态,又要建设湿地农业生态,发展经济,应消化吸收古今中外湿地生态建设的经验与技术,探索三江平原生态建设的策略与措施,实现三江平原生态经济可持续发展.     

Determination of Hydraulic Residence Times in Several UK Mine Water Treatment Systems and their Relationship to Iron Removal

In the UK, the Coal Authority has more than 40 mine water treatment systems, most of which are wetland systems with settlement lagoon pretreatment. The purpose of treatment in wetlands is the oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron and the subsequent hydrolysis and precipitation of ferric hydroxide within the wetland. It is generally accepted (Hedin et al., Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, 1994, p 35; Skousen and Ziemkiewicz, Acid mine drainage control and treatment, 1996, p 362; Younger et al., Mine water: hydrology, pollution, remediation, 2002, p 442) that this process proceeds by a first-order rate law, although most systems are designed based on an areal removal rate (10 g/m²/day) developed by the U.S. Bureau of Mines (Hedin et al., Passive treatment of coal mine drainage, 1994, p 35); this design guideline inherently assumes a constant removal rate. Given the actual kinetics of iron removal in wetlands, it follows that residence time will control iron removal; given the wide range of system geometries and aspects, it is logical to ascertain the actual hydraulic residence time of wetlands and settlement lagoons and determine the effect this has on iron removal. To make a preliminary assessment of this link, hydraulic residence time of two Coal Authority wetlands (Lambley and Whittle) and two Coal Authority settlement lagoons (Acomb East, Acomb West and Whittle) were measured using bromide tracer tests. Water samples for iron analysis and flow measurements were taken during each tracer test. The Lambley wetland performs well in terms of residence time, and, as reeds become established and adsorptive processes increase, its iron removal performance (currently 58% removal) may improve, but the low influent iron concentration appears to be a significant impediment to meeting the original performance target. In contrast, the hydraulic performance of the Whittle wetland system is poor, which appears to be due to accumulation of dead plant material coupled with a high length to width ratio. However, performance in terms of iron removal is good (92% removal), which appears to be due to the higher influent iron concentration, and especially the fact that the iron enters the wetland largely in particulate form. The longer residence time of water within the Acomb lagoons (≈12 h) resulted in far more effective iron removal (72% in the east lagoon and 85% in the west lagoon) than the shorter residence time at Whittle (24% iron removal, ≈5 h residence time). Performance (in terms of iron removal) of the settlement lagoon systems appears to be far more closely related to the hydraulic residence time (albeit this conclusion must be tentative, given that only three systems have been investigated, and the Acomb system receives chemical addition). Based on this study, treatment system sizing using 100 m² lagoon area per 1 L/s flow appears to be a more appropriate basis for design rather than an areal iron removal rate.     

A comparison of filtered vs. unfiltered metal concentrations in treatment wetlands

Filtered vs. unfiltered metals analyses are compared from two demonstration wetlands built by ARCO in Butte, Montana. The Wetlands Demonstration Project 1 (WDP1) facility was an anaerobic, subsurface flow wetland, whereas the Colorado Tailings (CT) facility was a lime-added, aerobic system. At both sites, a significant fraction of each metal of concern (Cu, Cd, Zn, Fe, and Mn) existed in particulate form in some parts of the treatment system. The anaerobic WDP1 wetland removed dissolved metals to very low levels, but had mixed success in filtering out fine-grained sulfide precipitates of Cu, Cd and Zn. The CT wetland showed better capacity to remove particulate metals. Based on these two case studies, the importance of obtaining both filtered and unfiltered (total recoverable) samples at treatment wetlands is stressed.