A BOUNDARY INTEGRAL EQUATION AND ITS NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF POTENTIAL FLOW AROUND SURFACE-IRREGULA-RITIES

In this paper,using complex functional theory,the authors turn the potentialflow around the surface irregularities in a pressure conduit and semi-infinite platforms intoDirichlet problem.Based on Schwarz formula and by the application of Plemelj's formula,theauthors change the problem into the integration of a Cauchy boundary integral equation in theflow plane through the substitution of variables.Using numerical integration,the authors obtainthe velocity distribution and pressure coefficient along surface irregularities and platforms.Thephysical concept of this method is clear,the convergent speed is rapid and the computative effi-ciency is high.The calculated values agree well with the measured results.It is an effective andsimple method in solving potential flow.     

Superplastic behaviour of Ti-48at.%Al two-phase titanium aluminide compacts made from mechanically alloyed powder

An HIP compact of MA-processed powder having a nominal composition of Ti-48at.% Al was produced. The compact consisted of a large amount of TiAl(λ) and a small amount of Ti₃Al (₂), in a completely ultra-fine equiaxed grain structure. This two-phase compact showed typical superplastic deformation behaviour. A maximum elongation of 550% was obtained. A strain exponent, n = 2, and grain size exponent, p = 2, were determined from the results of a strain-rate-change test and a creep test at constant initial stress using samples having various grain sizes, respectively. The activation energy for creep, Q_c at constant stress was calculated to be 350 kJ/mole. It is concluded that the superplastic deformation mechanism of the material under study is grain boundary sliding controlled by lattice diffusion in the TiAl phase.     

Microstructural Effects of Ion Implantation on Molybdenum

The effects of ion implantation and subsequent annealing on the microstructure of molybdenum have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The ions investigated were carbon, nitrogen, and tellurium. The ion-induced damage was found to give rise to grain boundary migration phenomena both during implantation and during subsequent annealing. Precipitation or ordering was found to occur for each ion on annealing.     

重力坝运行期年变化温度场引起的应力

气温和水温的年变化在重力坝内会引起相当大的拉应力，是重力坝在运行期产生裂缝的重要原因，但目前还缺乏一套实用的计算方法，笔者提出了一套计算公式，可用以计算不同表面保温条件下气温和水温年变化在重力坝内引起的应力并从而计算表面保温的效果。     

城市化对降雨特征影响研究

根据北京城郊雨量站1959～2001年逐月降雨资料，分析了北京城市化对降雨特征的影响。分析表明，城市化使北京地区降雨量等值线加密、年雨量增加，使城区雨量变差系数变化大于郊区。分析北京城市化对降雨特征的影响，可为城市雨洪排水工程设计提供参考。     

利用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)研究坛紫菜的遗传变异

应用AFLP技术对浙江普陀列岛、渔山列岛和南麂列岛野生坛紫菜、福建野生厚型及薄型以及栽培坛紫菜的两个表型分化类型进行了研究。结果表明：坛紫菜的遗传变异较为丰富，共记录了528个位点，其中16个为单态位点，其余的为多态位点，多态位点比例达到96.97%。其遗传距离与地域分布正相关，说明不同的环境因素可能是造成坛紫菜遗传变异的主要因素。对遗传距离进行UPGMA和Neighbor-joining聚类分析表明具有薄型叶片性状的浙江野生坛紫菜和福建野生薄型坛此菜聚合，而福建野生厚型与栽培具厚型叶片，当地俗称为木耳菜的样本聚合。该结果基本清楚地反映了坛紫菜表型特征的分化。栽培薄型叶片俗称鸡毛菜样本在不同聚类方法中分别于外侧并入不同的分支。在福建野生坛紫菜与养殖坛紫菜的AFLP图谱中仅发现了三条与叶片性状相关的谱带：具有厚型叶片性状的坛紫菜共有的ACC-CAA(100)和ACT-CAG(232)，具有薄型叶性状的坛紫菜共有的ACC-CAA(490)。     

宜昌站泄流能力变化对葛洲坝设计洪水影响

宜昌水文站是葛洲坝、三峡水利枢纽的设计依据站。葛洲坝水利枢纽动工修建和运行 ,对该站水位流量关系中低水部分产生了影响。探讨了该河段泄流能力的变化对葛洲坝水利枢纽设计洪水有无影响的问题。用1 967～ 1 999年实测资料对宜昌站以汛期平均水位为参数的水位流量关系曲线簇进行了检验 ,大部分年份最大日平均流量、3、7、1 5、30d洪量的偏差在± 4 %之间 ,说明曲线簇推流具有相当的精度。证明了宜昌河段中低水泄流能力的变化对葛洲坝水利枢纽设计流量和校核流量基本没有影响     

正交曲线坐标下三维代数应力通量模型

针对弯曲及不规则明渠的水动力及物质输运特性，本文建立了曲线坐标系下的三维代数应力通量数学模型，对平面上弯曲及不规则复杂边界情形，采用Poisson方程进行正交曲线坐标变换，各向异性的湍流代数应力通量模型被引用于本文的模拟计算中，以体现复杂边界条件引起的水动力及物质输运特性的变化。通过180度强弯曲明渠水槽及贵溪电厂不规则边界河段物理模型试验两个实例计算表明，实测值与计算吻合良好，效果令人满意。