壳聚糖对卷烟烟气中低相对分子质量醛类物质的特殊作用

将不同脱乙酰度、不同粒度大小、不同剂量的壳聚糖加入到卷烟滤棒中 ,运用比色法测定烟气中总挥发性脂肪醛类的含量 ,从而得出壳聚糖对主流烟气中总挥发性脂肪醛类物质的降低效果 .结果表明 :3种不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖对主流烟气中总挥发性脂肪醛类物质的降低效果都很明显 ,尤其是在保证烟气内在品质的前提下 ,加入 3 0mg粒度为 1 0 0目左右、脱乙酰度为 90 %的壳聚糖 ,主流烟气中总挥发性脂肪醛类物质可降低 5 7.1 % .     

卷烟主流烟气中多环芳烃的全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱分析

为了解卷烟主流烟气粒相物中的多环芳烃及其衍生物的组成,采用全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱技术,对一种市售卷烟主流烟气中的多环芳烃类化合物进行定性分析,同时通过选择相应的质量数对不同类型的多环芳烃化合物在二维气相色谱上的分布模式进行讨论。结果表明,全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱经自动数据处理、辅以二维"结构谱图"及手动纠错等手段,初步鉴定出616种多环芳烃类化合物,其中多环芳烃及烷基取代多环芳烃448种,非烷基取代和杂环多环芳烃衍生物168种。     

Liquid Smoke Effects on Escherichia Coli O157:H7, and its Antioxidant Properties in Beef Products

Experiments were performed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of liquid smoke (LS), against E. coli O157:H7, in model (agar) and meat systems. The effects of 8% LS on growth of E. coli O157:H7 attached to ground beef, and 1.5% LS on warmed-over flavor (WOF) in precooked beef patties were also studied. E. coli O157:H7 growth was reduced (p<0.05) 2.3 log₁₀ CFU/g in ground beef patties after 3d refrigerated storage. TBA numbers, aroma scores and pH values were lower (p<0.05) in LS treated beef patties. LS reduced undesirable flavor development and may help assure the safety of beef products.     

化学发光法测定卷烟主流烟气中的氮氧化物

探讨了一种用化学发光法测定卷烟主流烟气中NOx 的方法 ,即将每口新鲜主流烟气经剑桥滤片过滤后引入到一个减压的混合室 ,经充分混合后 ,用氮氧化物分析仪根据化学发光原理测定卷烟主流烟气中氮氧化物。该方法的CV <5 % ,回收率 >98% ,并用外标法定量测定了 6种牌号卷烟主流烟气中的氮氧化物。该方法快速、重复性好、回收率高 ,适用于卷烟烟气中的氮氧化物的分析     

SCR烟气脱硝催化剂活性在线测试方法

以某电厂600 MW机组SCR脱硝装置催化剂为研究对象,对不同负荷下的脱硝效率、烟气量、氨逃逸率等参数进行了测试,并对催化剂的活性进行了计算分析。研究发现,机组负荷为600 MW,A、B两侧反应器催化剂活性分别为49.98 m/h和44.71 m/h,450 MW时A、B两侧分别为41.43 m/h和45.01 m/h,300 MW时A、B两侧分别为29.81 m/h和30.40 m/h,均与设计值37 m/h存在一定偏差;分析原因认为是实际烟气量和设计烟气量的差异造成的。以A侧催化剂为例,按照反应器空速,以线性方程对上述测试结果进行拟合计算,得出催化剂活性为37.43m/h,与设计值非常接近,验证了在线测试方法的可行性。     

圆形烟道流速监测点的优化布置

针对圆形烟道流速监测点布置存在的问题,用流体力学理论进行分析、优化,在确定采样断面后,在距采样孔0.39R处设一个测点,即可代表断面的平均流速,实际证明,该方法满足烟道流速监测要求,取得满意效果。     

民用飞机内饰材料研究

在飞机内饰设计中,材料的阻燃特性越来越受到重视和关注。本文主要探讨了非金属材料在飞机内饰设计中应用,以及具有阻燃特性的材料对于保障旅客生命安全的重要意义。     

氢氧化镁在烟气脱硫中的应用

介绍了我国烟气中二氧化硫对环境污染的严重性,及以氢氧化镁为脱硫剂湿法脱硫的工艺原理及其优点和发展前景.     

Roll-your-own smoke yields: theoretical and practical aspects

OBJECTIVE—To identify the key parameters that influence smoke yields from roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes and to compare smoke yields of cigarettes made under laboratory conditions with those made by habitual RYO consumers.
DESIGN AND SETTING—One-way parametric variations in the laboratory-based production of RYO cigarettes complemented by a consumer survey conducted in a busy street at Romford, Essex, United Kingdom.
SUBJECTS—26 habitual RYO consumers.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES—Cigarette weights, puff numbers, and yields (carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar).
RESULTS—Smoke yields vary for specimen changes in weight of tobacco used, paper porosity, and the incorporation of a filter in the cigarette. Yields of cigarettes produced by 26 RYO smokers ranged from 9.9 to 21.0 mg tar per cigarette and from 0.9 to 1.8 mg nicotine per cigarette, and were generally lower than yields of laboratory-produced RYO cigarettes.
CONCLUSIONS—Laboratory studies can provide useful information concerning the parameters that affect smoke yields of RYO cigarettes such as the incorporation of a filter to reduce yields. However, such studies must be complemented by surveys of cigarettes made by actual current RYO smokers. In one such investigation, it was found that the mean tar yields from cigarettes produced by 57% of the smokers were above the current maximum of 15 mg per cigarette for manufactured cigarettes. Currently 8% of manufactured cigarettes in the UK have a declared nicotine yield of greater than 1.1 mg per cigarette whereas 77% of RYO smokers produced cigarettes with a nicotine yield greater than this value.


Keywords: roll-your-own cigarettes; smoke yield; carbon monoxide; tar; nicotine     

Oxidative effects of cigarette smoke on the human skin

The oxidative effects of cigarette smoke on the human skin were investigated. A remarkable increase in the conversion ratio of squalene (SQ) to squalene monohydroperoxide (SQHPO) due to exposure to cigarette smoke was observed using a CL-HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography with a chemiluminescence detector) system. The results showed that cigarette smoke caused lipid peroxidation. We also found that the addition of chain-breaking-type antioxidants, such as oolong tea extract, inhibited the peroxidation. When cultured human skin fibroblasts were exposed to cigarette smoke, this increased the intensity of ultraweak chemiluminescence (CL), leading us to assume that cigarette smoke caused oxidation in cultured human skin fibroblasts. When the cultured human skin fibroblasts were treated with antioxidants such as glutathione, thiotaurine, hypotaurine and ascorbic acid there was little increase in CL, meaning that oxidation had been prevented in the human skin fibroblasts. We also exposed the human forearm to cigarette smoke and obtained sebum using cotton immersed in acetone in order to measure hydroperoxide levels by means of a CL-HPLC system. The exposure of skin to the smoke caused a dose-dependent increase in hydroperoxides derived from cigarette smoke. Further exposure of the forearm to cigarette smoke increased the intensity of CL, but pretreating the skin with antioxidants such as glutathione, thiotaurine and hypotaurine inhibited this increase. From these results, we concluded that cigarette smoke had an oxidative effect on SQ, cultured human skin fibroblasts and the surface of the human skin. The application of antioxidants prevented the cigarette smoke-induced oxidation. We consider that these oxidative effects on the skin could be a cause of skin disorders and skin aging.