Influence of nutrition level on digestibility in high yielding cows and effects on energy evaluation systems

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of nutrition level (NL, multiples of maintenance energy requirement) on the digestibility of nutrients for dairy cows regarding the energy supply of the animal. The digestion of nutrients and energy was investigated in two trials using lactating dairy cows. The NL varied from 2.7 to 5.0 using diets similar composition. In addition, sheep were given the same feed with a NL of 1.4. Digestibility of dry matter (DM) and all specific measures of dietary components declined significantly as NL increased. Digestibility of energy decreased by 4.1% for each increase in NL. The metabolizable energy, the ability to metabolize energy (metabolizable energy/gross energy), and the content of net energy for lactation (NE(L)) per kilogram of DM intake were calculated for NL from 1 to 6 on the basis of these relationships and as well as the gross energy, methane energy, and urine energy. Accordingly the NEL content declined by 0.11 MJ/kg of DM intake or 1.6% as the NL increased by one unit. It means that the NE(L) requirement above the maintenance requirement increased by 0.07 MJ of NE(L) per kilogram of fat-corrected milk, if the NL increased by one unit.     

ZJ70LDB钻机网电系统改造

打造“绿色环保冶钻井,达到节能减排和降本增效的效果;结合机械钻机或半电动钻机的施工特点和施工环境,充分利用电网资源进行钻机网电改造,采用电网为钻机提供能源,可产生良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

论FGD系统取消旁路挡板后逻辑优化处理

FGD系统,即烟气脱硫系统,目前大部分火力发电厂燃煤机组所配备的脱硫装置,其通过安装在烟道上的原烟气挡板门(脱硫装置进口挡板门)、净烟气挡板门(脱硫装置出口挡板门)、旁路挡板门(脱硫装置旁路挡板门),实现了在不影响主机情况下的投运与退出功能。然而,随着国家对环保要求的日益严格,绝对不允许主机在未投运脱硫装置情况下发电,尤其对脱硫装置旁路挡板的开关、漏风等情形把关越来越严,脱硫装置的旁路挡板已形同鸡肋。以华能汕头电厂#1机组FGD系统取消旁路挡板的工程为实例,阐述了脱硫装置在取消了旁路挡板后如何达到与机组同步启停,以及日常运行中如何做到与机组的稳步协调工作。     

近距离采空区下回采巷道锚网索支护技术

针对大埋深近距离下位煤层回采巷道小平距内错布置方式下高应力带来的大变形问题,以己16-17-31020工作面运输巷为例,分析了巷道控制原则与技术,采用数值模拟,分析了不同支护方式下巷道围岩应力及变形分布特征。研究得出,支护方案采用顶板间排距为1 200 mm×1 600 mm的22 mm×6 500 mm预应力锚索、顶板间排距为700 mm×800 mm的22 mm×2 600 mm高强预应力锚杆、两帮间排距为750 mm×800 mm的20 mm×2 400 mm高强预应力锚杆时,巷道围岩的变形程度最小。研究可有效解决大埋深近距离煤层的大变形问题,可为条件相似的矿井提供借鉴。     

地面煤场防风抑尘网抑尘效果研究

为分析煤场采煤区防风抑尘网抑尘效果,采用三维棱台模拟煤场采煤区料堆,设计煤场采煤区几何模型,以及由质量和动量守恒方程组成防尘控制方程,依据几何模型和控制方程,采用Fluent6.3软件模拟抑尘网和其料堆附近流场数值,模拟过程中将动量方程作为动量损失源项,同时从孔隙率这个概率值估计角度出发,研究抑尘网不同类别和大小的孔隙率下,煤场采煤区料堆附近流场特性和料堆表明剪切力变化情况。结果显示,在孔隙率为均匀状态下,料堆迎风面孔隙率大于0.60时,其中下部分抑尘效果显著;当孔隙率低于0.45时,料堆高度在90~150 m内,剪切力逐渐降低,可使抑尘作用增强;料堆背面孔隙率大小发生变化时,剪切力的变化较小;在非均匀孔隙率为0.30/0.75的情况下,随着料堆坡面高度的变化,迎风面剪切应力呈现小幅度上升后下降又上升的变化趋势,在坡面高度位置在-30 m开始,呈现明显下降趋势;并且料堆背风面的剪切力变化趋势一致。比较均匀和非均匀2种孔隙率,非均匀孔隙率的防尘网抑风防尘效果最佳,其表面剪切力总和为110.6 N,低于均匀孔隙率的面剪切力总和。     

基于一种NW-FLNN神经网络的短期电价预测

针对传统神经网络收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部极值的问题,文中提出一种改进型小波神经网络以实现网络全局最优化。首先,将小波神经网络与随机矢量函数连接型网络相融合构建一种新型小波链神经网络(NW-FLNN);其次,以小波基函数作为NW-FLNN的隐含层的传递函数,并利用梯度修正法训练该模型各参数;最后,选用澳大利亚新南威尔士州电价数据作为实验数据集,分别对NW-FLNN神经网络、逆传播BP神经网络与小波神经网络进行预测性能比较。实验结果表明:该新型网络预测模型较BP神经网络与小波神经网络性能更优,可明显减少网络迭代次数与隐层神经元数目,且平均百分比误差最大降低至0. 0317,满足实时性要求。     

远程备用智能保护一体化中心动作逻辑时序建模

针对双重化智能站域保护在检修、故障退出、灾变恢复等多种场景下可靠性不充分的问题,提出远程备用智能保护一体化中心(Remote Duplicate Configuration Smart-Protection Center,RDCSPC)继电保护新架构,需研究RDCSPC的动作逻辑情况。根据其与双重化智能站域保护之间的配合关系,使用Hierarchical Petri net Simulator(Hi PS)软件分别建立RDCSPC在热备用、冷备用工作模式下的时序Petri网(PN)模型并对之进行动态仿真分析,同时,采用PN矩阵分析法对所建立的时序PN模型进行描述验证。模型验证结果表明:所建立的时序PN模型可以有效的描述RDCSPC的动作逻辑。     

利用弹性网络算法求解大型三坐标测量机几何误差的方法

为提高大型三坐标测量机(CMM)的精度,修正空间几何误差,研究利用激光追踪仪多站位测量技术取代实物基准,提出了基于弹性网络算法求解CMM几何误差的方法。基于激光追踪仪多站位测量技术,结合L-M算法,实现CMM空间规划点体积误差的高精度测量,有效提高测量效率。利用弹性网络算法解算CMM准刚体模型,解决模型求解存在多重共线的难题,实现CMM几何误差的求解;将方程组中部分系数为0的项结合体积误差与单轴几何误差的关系模型来求解几何误差。实验搭建了激光追踪多站位测量系统,测量了CMM的空间待测点体积误差。实验结果表明,提出的方法可以有效求解大型CMM的几何误差。     

Process modeling and analysis of manufacturing supply chain networks using object-oriented Petri nets

This paper presents a systematic methodology for modeling and analysis of manufacturing supply chain business processes. The proposed approach first employs Computer Integrated Manufacturing Open System Architecture (CIMOSA) behavior rules to model the business process routing structures of manufacturing supply chain networks. Object-oriented predicate/transition nets (OPTNs) are then developed for the modular modeling and analysis of process models. Based on the structure of OPTNs, a procedure to obtain the system's P-invariants through objects’ P-invariants is suggested. From the P-invariants obtained, system structural properties such as deadlock and overflow can be analyzed. By using Petri net unfolding techniques and by extracting the process model of each object from the entire process model, the sequencing analysis for operations in supply chain processes becomes possible. Several manufacturing supply chain examples are used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Laser additive processing of functionally-graded Fe–Si–B–Cu–Nb soft magnetic materials

Laser additive manufacturing is a novel tool for processing compositionally-graded alloys that are challenging to process via a conventional route. This article discusses a novel combinatorial approach for assessing composition–microstructure–magnetic property relationships, using laser deposited compositionally-graded Fe–Si–B–Nb–Cu alloys (by changing the silicon to boron ratios). The microstructure of Fe–Si–B–Nb–Cu alloys with a lower Si to B ratio consists of dendritic α-Fe₃Si grains, with B and Nb partitioning to the inter-dendritic regions, resulting in the formation of Fe₃B grains. As the Si/B ratio increases, the (Fe, Nb) enriched eutectic phase was observed along with α-Fe₃Si grains; and no Fe₃B was observed. These microstructural changes with varying Si/B ratios significantly affect the magnetic properties of these laser-deposited soft magnetic alloys.