Reactive flash sintering of powders of four constituents into a single phase of a complex oxide in a few seconds below 700°C

Recent work on reactive flash sintering of powders of two oxides, bismuth and of iron oxide, into pure single phase bismuth ferrite, which was accomplished in a few seconds at low furnace temperatures, is expanded to four constituents, alumina, lithia, zirconia, and lanthana, to produce reasonably dense polycrystals of a predominantly single phase, cubic LLZO(Al). Transformation and sintering occur concurrently at a furnace temperature near 700°C, in ambient atmosphere, in just a few seconds. The process may simplify the preparation of complex ceramics with new chemistries and dopants, which are predicted from ab intio calculations to have special attributes, not only because the powders sinter quickly at low temperatures, but also because the need for stoichiometric powders as starting materials is obviated.     

Identification of the Primary Factors Determining the Specificity of Human VKORC1 Recognition by Thioredoxin-Fold Proteins

Redox (reduction–oxidation) reactions control many important biological processes in all organisms, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. This reaction is usually accomplished by canonical disulphide-based pathways involving a donor enzyme that reduces the oxidised cysteine residues of a target protein, resulting in the cleavage of its disulphide bonds. Focusing on human vitamin K epoxide reductase (hVKORC1) as a target and on four redoxins (protein disulphide isomerase (PDI), endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase (ERp18), thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1 (Tmx1) and thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 4 (Tmx4)) as the most probable reducers of VKORC1, a comparative in-silico analysis that concentrates on the similarity and divergence of redoxins in their sequence, secondary and tertiary structure, dynamics, intraprotein interactions and composition of the surface exposed to the target is provided. Similarly, hVKORC1 is analysed in its native state, where two pairs of cysteine residues are covalently linked, forming two disulphide bridges, as a target for Trx-fold proteins. Such analysis is used to derive the putative recognition/binding sites on each isolated protein, and PDI is suggested as the most probable hVKORC1 partner. By probing the alternative orientation of PDI with respect to hVKORC1, the functionally related noncovalent complex formed by hVKORC1 and PDI was found, which is proposed to be a first precursor to probe thiol–disulphide exchange reactions between PDI and hVKORC1.     

Food safety and microbiological quality aspects of QDS process® and high pressure treatment of fermented fish sausages

A new fermented fish sausage product, based on monkfish, was developed by using an accelerated drying process, the QDS process^®. To evaluate food safety, a challenge test was performed, in which the raw materials were inoculated with low levels of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica (≤150 CFU/g). The product was manufactured, fermented, QDS dried, and half of the samples were pressurized (600 MPa, 5 min, 13 °C). Pathogens, technological microbiota, spoilage indicator bacteria from fish (hydrogen sulphite producing bacteria, coliforms and Escherichia coli) and physicochemical parameters were monitored during manufacturing and after 6, 13, 20 and 27 days of refrigerated storage at 4 and 8 °C. Results showed that in the finished product, pathogens and spoilage indicator bacteria could not grow but decreased and E. coli was not detected during storage. Pressurization had an important reducing effect on technological microbiota, and eliminated L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, hydrogen sulphite producing bacteria and coliforms immediately after production and during refrigerated storage.     

沪港两地国际金融中心城市建筑综合体(IFC)比较研究

以沪港两地的国金中心为例.通过对二者的商业定位.空间布局及城市地位的调查比较研究,逐层深入探究其相似定位下的不同复合效应.并从侧面分析沪港两地的城市发展差距.     

Effect of Mentha spicata L. and Mentha aquatica L. essential oils on the microbiological properties of fermented dairy product,kashk

The antibacterial activity of Mentha spicata and Mentha aquatica essential oils (EO) was tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis and Clostridium perfringens using agar well and disc diffusion techniques. Results showed that M. spicata EO had the highest inhibition activity against the studied microorganisms. Then, the antibacterial activity of both EO at 1500 and 2500 ppm was examined in industrial liquid kashk during the storage at 4 °C for 20 days. Both EO reduced the S. aureus viable count below 5 log CFU g^?1 after 4 days; however, the population of C. perfringens, L. reuteri and B. animalis decreased <1 log CFU g^?1 during the storage time. The least deteriorative effect on the lactic acid bacteria was related to M. aquatica. As revealed by organoleptic studies, kashk samples containing M. aquatica EO at 1500 and 2500 ppm were the most preferred samples.     

Postharvest performance of fresh‐cut ‘Big Top’ nectarine as affected by dipping in chemical preservatives and packaging in modified atmosphere

Fresh‐cut ‘Big Top’ nectarines were dipped in 2% (w/v) ascorbic acid–1% (w/v) calcium lactate and stored at 4 °C for up to 12 days in 10 kPa O₂‐ and 10 kPa CO₂‐modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The used microperforated plastic film allowed O₂ and CO₂ concentrations to reach steady values from the fifth day in storage onwards. Samples stored in MAP after chemical dipping showed the highest visual quality score, slight browning symptoms, increment in firmness and very low ethanol and acetaldehyde content. The chemical dipping also increased antioxidant capacity, probably due to the effect of ascorbic acid. The results suggested that the control of yeasts was mainly exerted by MAP, whereas only a slight effect was achieved by the chemical dipping. Therefore, MAP plus ascorbic acid/calcium lactate dipping was the best combination to preserve phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity and microbiological safety of fresh‐cut nectarines during storage.     

Integrating reverse logistics into the strategic planning of a supply chain

This paper proposes a mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for the strategic production and distribution planning of a supply chain (SC) integrating reverse logistics system. Such reverse logistics planning addresses the collection, recovery and marketing of recovered products, in addition to returned components and packing/wrapping materials. The model includes an approach that uses retail outlets as a two-way channel for marketing new products, collecting used/returned products and remarketing recovered products as a way of promoting an effective product recovery system in SC operation and optimising costs. The recovery of products/components is planned through a pool of recovery service providers (RSPs), so that maximum recovery can be ensured through combining the expertise of RSPs within optimum costs. The model follows a two-step process that addresses strategic decisions about product recovery in the first step, and the integration of the recovery process into overall SC decisions in the final step. A numerical example illustrates the applicability of the model. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to show the effects that changes in the recovered product quantity have on the overall SC performance.     

污水厌氧处理系统中溶解性微生物产物的研究进展

污水厌氧处理系统中产生的溶解性微生物产物(SMP)因其自身的性质、潜在危害性等逐渐引起国内外学者的重视。综述了国内外对厌氧SMP的研究成果,系统阐述了厌氧SMP的性质及影响其产生的运行参数。对其生成与降解数学模型的发展进行了综述。最后对今后厌氧SMP的研究方向作出了展望。     

基于特征的曲面钣金零件三维参数化造型研究

为了保证典型曲面钣金特征的数据信息不会随着曲率的不同而发生改变,提出了一种由程序驱动的基于特征的曲面钣金零件三维参数化造型技术。分析了复杂曲面钣金零件的基础模型建模要求,并在总结造型方法整体框架的基础上,给出了实体建模与三维参数化设计的具体实现方法。通过对曲面加强槽的三维参数化造型,验证了该方法的准确性与通用性。