基于语料库和网络的新词自动识别

汉语自动分词是进行中文信息处理的基础。目前，困扰汉语自动分词的一个主要难题就是新词自动识别，尤其是非专名新词的自动识别。同时，新词自动识别对于汉语词典的编纂也有着极为重要的意义。文中提出了一种新的新词自动识别的方法。这个方法用到了互信息和log-likelihood ratio两个参数的改进形式。主要分三个阶段完成：先从网络上下载丰富的语料，构建语料库；然后采用统计的方法进行多字词识别；最后与已有的词表进行对照，判定新词。     

Neural Gate Keeping: The Role of Interhemispheric Interactions in Resource Allocation and Selective Filtering.

The corpus callosum has been proposed to contribute to attention by modulating resource allocation between the hemispheres and filtering interhemispheric signal transmission (M. T. Banich, 1998). The resource allocation hypothesis predicts that interhemispheric interactions become more advantageous with increasing resource demands. The selective filtering hypothesis predicts that interhemispheric interactions become less advantageous as filtering requirements increase. The authors tested both predictions by comparing within- and across-hemisphere letter matching under dual-task (Experiment 1) and selective attention conditions (Experiment 2). Task-specific resource demands (i.e., letter processing load) alter the bihemispheric advantage, but the general demand imposed by an unrelated secondary task does not. Filtering requirements influenced the advantage from interhemispheric interactions, providing new evidence for the role of the corpus callosum in selective attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于极端梯度提升树算法的图像属性标注

提出基于极端梯度提升树(eXtreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)算法的图像属性标注模型,以改善标注性能：提取图像局部二值模式(local binary patterns,LBP)、灰度纹理空间包络特征(Gist)、尺度不变特征变换(scale invariant feature transform,SIFT)、视觉几何组(visual geometry group,VGG)等特征,以准确刻画图像视觉内容;基于图像特征,采用XGBoost算法集成弱分类器为强分类器,完成图像属性标注;深入挖掘图像属性蕴含的深层语义,构建全新的、层次化的属性表示体系,以贴近人类客观认知;设计迁移学习策略并合理组合分类模型,进一步改善标注性能。试验表明：Gist特征能真实刻画图像视觉内容;执行基础迁移学习后,标注精准度比迁移学习前最优指标提升8.69%;执行混合型迁移学习后,合理组合分类模型,标注精准度比基础迁移学习的最优指标提升17.55%。模型有效地改善图像属性标注精度。     

Improving Parallel Corpus Quality for Chinese-Vietnamese Statistical Machine Translation

The performance of a machine translation system heavily depends on the quantity and quality of the bilingual language resource.However,getting a parallel corpus,which has a large scale and is of high quality,is a very difficult task especially for low resource languages such as Chinese-Vietnamese.Fortunately,multilingual user generated contents (UGC),such as bilingual movie subtitles,provide us access to automatic construction of the parallel corpus.Although the amount of UGC parallel corpora can be considerable,the original corpus is not suitable for statistical machine translation (SMT) systems.The corpus may contain translation errors,sentence mismatching,free translations,etc.To improve the quality of the bilingual corpus for SMT systems,three filtering methods are proposed:sentence length difference,the semantic of sentence pairs,and machine learning.Experiments are conducted on the Chinese to Vietnamese translation corpus.Experimental results demonstrate that all the three methods effectively improve the corpus quality,and the machine translation performance (BLEU score) can be improved by 1.32.     

Enhancing Virtual Reference: Techniques and Technologies to Engage Users and Enrich Interaction

Virtual reference service has become ubiquitous in academic libraries. The increased adoption of chat technology brings to light some of the challenges of providing high-quality reference service. The lack of a personal connection, increased transaction time, and technical problems are often cited. Techniques, such as conducting a reference interview or using online communication conventions, can make virtual reference as effective as face-to-face reference. Additionally, inclusion of video or Web annotation in the virtual reference session can add an element of personalization that might otherwise be missing. Virtual reference can be an emotionally rich, engaging, and effective form of reference service if these techniques and technologies are adopted.     

Mining temporal explicit and implicit semantic relations between entities using web search engines

In this paper, we study the problem of mining temporal semantic relations between entities. The goal of the studied problem is to mine and annotate a semantic relation with temporal, concise, and structured information, which can release the explicit, implicit, and diversity semantic relations between entities. The temporal semantic annotations can help users to learn and understand the unfamiliar or new emerged semantic relations between entities. The proposed temporal semantic annotation structure integrates the features from IEEE and Renlifang. We propose a general method to generate temporal semantic annotation of a semantic relation between entities by constructing its connection entities, lexical syntactic patterns, context sentences, context graph, and context communities. Empirical experiments on two different datasets including a LinkedIn dataset and movie star dataset show that the proposed method is effective and accurate. Different from the manually generated annotation repository such as Wikipedia and LinkedIn, the proposed method can automatically mine the semantic relation between entities and does not need any prior knowledge such as ontology or the hierarchical knowledge base. The proposed method can be used on some applications, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed temporal semantic relations on many web mining tasks.     

军事装备发展的哲学诠释

军事装备是构成军队战斗力的重要物质基础,军事装备的发展是提高军队战斗力的重要途径.军事装备的发展不仅是我军现代化建设的重大现实问题,也是我军实现“两个转变”的重大理论问题.为了对军事装备发展有更充分、更深入的认识,本文从哲学角度对军事装备发展进行研究.通过对军事装备发展的思考,深刻分析军事装备发展的内涵与外延,提出了军事装备发展的战斗力标准和军事装备发展的定义,为我军装备现代化建设提供理论参考.     

基于异构描述子的新型高斯混合模型图像自动标注方法

过去几十年以来,各种图像标注算法相继提出。这些方法要么需要很大的计算量,要么标注效果不理想。论文提出了一种基于异构描述子的新型高斯混合模型图像语义自动标注方法。本文的高斯混合模型是采用异构空间来构建的,不同于其他的高斯混合模型。对于每个标注词,在多个特征空间下分别用高斯模型来描述,形成对应子空间的“标注词分描述子”。由于各个分描述子描述不同标注词的能力有很大差别,因此通过机器学习的方法来融合这些分描述子,形成更加有效的“标注词描述子”,从而提高标注的准确率。论文提出的“标注词描述子”可以有效地建立图像高层语义概念与底层视觉特征之间的对应关系,准确地描述标注词的语义内容,从而提高图像的标注性能。通过在COREL数据集上的测试表明了方法的有效性。     

中文电子病历命名实体标注语料库构建

针对中文电子病历命名实体语料标注空白的现状,研究了中文电子病历命名实体标注语料库的构建。参考2010年美国国家集成生物与临床信息学研究中心(1282)给出的电子病历命名实体类型及修饰类型的定义,在专业医生的指导下制定了详尽的中文电子病历标注规范;通过对大量中文电子病历的分析,提出了一套完整的中文电子病历命名实体标注方案,而且采用预标注和正式标注的方法,建立了一定规模的中文电子病历命名实体标注语料库,其标注语料的一致性达到了92%以上。该工作对中文电子病历的命名实体识别及信息抽取研究提供了可靠的数据支持,对医疗知识挖掘也有重要意义。     

Towards effective video annotation: An approach to automatically link notes with video content

The characteristics of annotations, such as highlighting, context-based notes, and organization are difficult to translate from the traditional paper-based medium to the digital format. An added challenge is how to facilitate annotations on a digital video in a collaborative distance learning environment. To explore issues in video annotation, we developed a tool called Interactive Shared Education Environment (ISEE). ISEE automatically generates hyperlinked timestamps, which we called Smartlinks, to associate the notes with their video contents. A usability study with 59 participants, following up by a small-scale eye-tracking study, was conducted to explore users’ video note-taking behaviors and to examine the effect of the new Smartlink design. Our results showed that participants with Smartlink took fewer notes, focused less on video controls and more on video content than those without Smartlink. We believe the main benefit of Smartlink is that it may offload non-learning related cognitive loads and allow users to take better notes. Findings from this study on users’ video annotation behaviors shed light on the future design of video annotation systems in both individual and collaborative environments.