促进我国煤矿区可持续发展的对策探讨

分析了当前我国煤炭资源开发利用中存在的问题,从煤矿区可持续发展的角度提出了一系列战略对策———完善煤矿管理法律体系、加强煤炭地质勘查、发展“清洁”煤炭产业和非煤产业、促进煤矿“三废”和煤系共伴生矿产资源的综合利用、重视生态环境保护和治理等,强调推进煤矿资源的综合、高效利用是实现煤矿区可持续发展的关键。     

含水量对渠道保温板保温耐久性的影响及保温板厚度设计

北方渠道大多使用保温板防止混凝土衬砌受冻胀破坏。在计算保温板厚度时为了降低成本,容易忽略保温板使用过程中受各种因素的影响导致保温效果变差的情况,使混凝土衬砌达不到设计使用年限便提前被破坏。内蒙古河套灌区试验结果表明,由于受酸雨、冻融作用、含水量等因素的影响,保温板保温效果平均每年降低0.9℃,其中受含水量变化的影响最大。经试验测得:聚苯乙烯保温板(EPS)含水量每增加1%,会导致导热系数增大5%。基于多层材料串联热阻叠加原理和热阻等效原理,对保温板厚度计算公式进行完善,并提出相应的铺设方法和施工技术要求。该设计对保温板在季节性冻土区的推广应用具有一定参考价值。     

基于区域生长的多源遥感图像配准

多源遥感图像由于成像设备、所用光谱、拍摄时间等因素的不同,给配准带来极大的困难.尽管已经提出了多种匹配方法,但已有方法一般只能适用于特定的应用环境,开发出更加稳定和适用的配准算法仍然是一个极具挑战性的研究课题.提出一种基于区域生长的配准方法,首先,提取改进后的尺度不变特征,通过全局匹配确定种子点和种子区域并完成变换模型的初始化;然后,运用迭代区域生长和双向匹配策略,得到整个图像的可靠匹配点,从而实现多源遥感图像之间的配准.实验表明,该方法提取的匹配点的数量和正确率均远高于已有方法,能够对存在严重灰度差异的多源遥感图像实现高精度的配准,充分证明了该方法的鲁棒性和适用性.     

Nitrogen use efficiency by maize as affected by a mucuna short fallow and P application in the coastal savanna of West Africa

Maize is the primary food crop grown by farmers in the coastal savanna region of Togo and Benin on degraded (rhodic ferralsols), low in soil K-supplying capacity, and non-degraded (plinthic acrisols) soils. Agronomic trials were conducted during 1999–2002 in southern Togo on both soil types to investigate the impact of N and P fertilization and the introduction of a mucuna short fallow (MSF) on yield, indigenous N supply of the soil, N recovery fraction and internal efficiency of maize. In all plots, an annual basal dose of 100 kg K ha^–1 was applied to the maize crop. Maize and mucuna crop residues were incorporated into the soil during land preparation. Treatment yields were primarily below 80% of CERES-MAIZE simulated weather-defined maize yield potentials, indicating that nutrients were more limiting than weather conditions. On degraded soil (DS), maize yields increased from 0.4 t ha^–1 to 2.8 t ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001, without N or P application, in the absence of MSF, with annual K application and incorporation of maize crop residues. Application of N and P mineral fertilizer resulted in yield gains of 1–1.5 t ha^–1. With MSF, additional yield gains of between 0.5 and 1.0 t ha^–1 were obtained at low N application rates. N supply of the soil increased from 10 to 42 kg ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001 and to 58 kg N ha^–1 with MSF. Application of P resulted in significant improvements in N recovery fraction, and greatest gains were obtained with MSF and P application. MSF did not significantly affect internal N efficiency, which averaged 45 kg grain (kg N uptake)^–1. On non-degraded soils (NDS) and without N or P application, in the absence of MSF, maize yields were about 3 t ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001, with N supply of the soil ranging from 55 to 110 kg N ha^–1. Application of 40 kg P ha^–1 alone resulted in significant maize yield gains of between 1.0 (1999) and 1.5 (2001) t ha^–1. Inclusion of MSF did not significantly improve maize yields and even reduced N recovery fraction as determined in the third cropping year (2001). Results illustrate the importance of site-specific integrated soil fertility management recommendations for the southern regions of Togo and Benin that consider indigenous soil nutrient-supplying capacity and yield potential. On DS, the main nutrients limiting maize growth were N and probably K. On NDS, nutrients limiting growth were mainly N and P. Even on DS rapid gains in productivity can be obtained, with MSF serving as a means to allow farmers with limited financial means to restore the fertility of such soils. MSF cannot be recommended on relatively fertile NDS.     

一种基于边界特征线且特征点可变的二阶非线性离散跟踪微分器及在测速定位系统中的应用

利用状态反推方法确定最速离散二阶系统的线性区域的边界特征线及控制特征线,以相平面上的点及边界曲线、控制线的相对位置按线性规则确定控制量的大小,区分可达区与线性区,并依此构造最速分段线性函数形式的跟踪微分器（Tracking-differentiator,TD）,这种算法可以方便地修改特征点,适应能力强,而且运算中不包含任何根号运算,使得控制综合函数的形式极大简化,有利于工程实现.对正弦信号及方波信号的仿真结果表明了上述结论的合理性.验证了特征点分段线性算法在适当修改特征点后得到的TD,与经典TD以及它的线性近似进行比较,跟踪能力和微分提取能力都得到了较大的提高.应用移动平均算法构成的跟踪微分器组,具有相位补偿功能,适当选取TD参数后,得到了滤波能力强、相位特性良好的滤波器,并应用于基于长定子齿槽检测的永磁电动磁悬浮列车的测速定位系统中.实验结果表明,本文提出的简化TD按相位补偿确定的方案能有效滤除脉冲和扰动等噪声,对过轨道接缝时的畸变信号进行修复,边界容易修改,算法简单有效,实时性强,易于工程实现.     

A binary approximating method for graspable region determination of biped climbing robots

For a biped pole-climbing robot (BiPCR) with grippers, it is an essential demand to determine the target grasp configuration for climbing and transiting between poles, with the graspable region as a priori knowledge. The graspable region on the target pole is critically important for climbing path planning and motion control. To efficiently compute the graspable region for a BiPCR, we propose a novel binary approximating method in this paper. This method may also be applied to generate the three-dimensional (3-D) workspace of a manipulator with constant orientation. The grasping problem and the concept of graspable region for a BiPCR are first introduced. The binary approximating method and the corresponding algorithms are then presented to generate the graspable region. Additional constraints on a biped climbing robot with five degrees of freedom (DoFs) are presented as a supplement to the algorithm. A series of comprehensive simulations are conducted with the five-DoF and six-DoF climbing robots to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the dexterity of biped climbing robots with different DoFs is discussed.     

基于经纬网格的递增KNN位置隐私保护查询算法

为了在使用基于位置的服务时用户的位置信息不被不可信的位置服务提供商所泄漏,k-匿名位置隐私保护已被广泛研究.然而在集中匿名器被黑客控制时原k-匿名算法会泄漏所有用户的位置隐私,在进行k个最近邻目标查询时对网络的负载较重,而SpaceTwist算法又不能保证k-匿名.提出了一种基于经纬网格的递增KNN位置隐私保护查询算法,将经典的k-匿名算法与SpaceTwist算法相杂交,并引入经纬网格代替原来精确的位置上报给集中匿名器,从而解决了上述问题.实验证明基于经纬网格的递增KNN查询算法比较节省从集中匿名器到位置服务提供商的服务器之间的网络流量.     

一种融合多模式单演特征的人脸识别方法

为了更好地利用单演幅值和区域主方向信息,分别提出了一种单演韦伯差异激励局部块二值模式和单演区域主方向模式,并在此基础上进一步采用分块子模式策略融合两种特征。该方法首先对单演幅值求取差异激励,将差异激励分解为正值和幅值图像;然后对正值和幅值图像采用基于分块的局部二值模式编码,采用主成分分析方法求取单演区域主方向,并对主方向进行均匀量化,再采用异或编码。在获取两种特征后,采用分块子模式的策略对两种特征进行加权融合。在AR和CAS-PEAL上的实验表明,MWLMBP和MDOP两种特征提取方法能够有效提取图像的判别信息,进一步融合两种特征的方法能够有效增强特征的分类能力,提高特征的识别性能。     

基于显式计算的单播链路时延估计

为提高基于单播测量的网络链路时延分布估计速度,提出了一种基于显式计算的单播链路时延快速估计方法.由于网络设备多样化导致链路时延特征存在差异,首先根据端到端测量数据为各链路分配不同的离散间隔;然后利用背靠背探测包在网络中引入的二层二叉树结构,通过显式计算推断各链路的时延分布,能明显提高估计速度.仿真结果表明,该方法将链路时延分布的估计时间降低至数百毫秒,同时更准确地捕获链路时延特征.该方法基于显式计算,计算复杂度非常低,因此能够满足实际应用的实时性要求.     

野外视频监控图像去雾算法研究

在野外雾天环境下,由于大气粒子的散射作用导致图像降质严重,直接影响图像的视觉效果和应用价值,因此有必要对雾天图像进行去雾处理,以提高雾天图像的清晰度和保真度。为此,提出一种野外视频监控图像去雾新方法。基于暗原色先验去雾的原理,采用区域生长算法准确快速估计雾天图像的深度信息,应用雾天图像物理模型对图像去雾处理,并进行亮度补偿。实验结果表明,该算法能有效改善雾天图像的质量,大幅提高运算速度。