Disconnecting outcomes and evaluations: The role of negotiator focus.

Three experiments explored the role of negotiator focus in disconnecting negotiated outcomes and evaluations. Negotiators who focused on their target prices, the ideal outcome they could obtain, achieved objectively superior outcomes compared with negotiators who focused on their lower bound (e.g., reservation price). Those negotiators who focused on their targets, however, were less satisfied with their objectively superior outcomes. In the final experiment, when negotiators were reminded of their lower bound after the negotiation, the satisfaction of those negotiators who had focused on their target prices was increased, with outcomes and evaluations becoming connected rather than disconnected. The possible negative effects of setting high goals and the temporal dimensions of the disconnection and reconnection between outcomes and evaluations are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

材料科学专业“结构陶瓷及其应用”课程设置思考

"结构陶瓷及其应用"是新设置的材料科学专业本科生课程。文章讨论该课程设置的必要性,及如何安排该课程讲授内容,使本科生不但可以拓宽知识面,更能将知识体系与实际联系起来,在提高科学素养及解决实际问题的能力上得到培养,为今后进一步深造或参加工作打下基础。     

20世纪末法国的高等教育改革

20世纪90年代以来,作为欧洲理性主义的发祥地和重要堡垒,法国高等教育围绕加强法国的国际竞争力,改善办学条件,适应欧盟在高等教育领域开展的重要活动,进行了一系列面向21世纪的改革。从其改革背景出发,具体分析其改革措施,总结经验,以期对我国新时期的高等教育改革与发展有所启示。     

宝天曼隧道施工监控量测分析研究

以宝天曼隧道工程为例,详细介绍了监控量测的目的、原则及量测项目,并具体阐述了对监测资料进行分析、预测和反馈的具体步骤,通过对实际监测数据进行分析,得出了相关结论,为同类隧道工程的监控量测积累了经验。     

城市高架建设箱梁施工安全技术措施

针对工程施工安全的重要性,提出了安全管理的方针和目标,阐述了城市高架建设箱梁现场施工安全措施,以提高人们的安全意识,从小事做起,尽量避免因安全事故导致的人民生命财产损失。     

面向行业的初始水权配置系统模型构建

将生活、生态环境及生产等用水行业作为初始水权配置对象,在构建面向行业的初始水权配置系统、剖析初始水权配置系统内涵的基础上,根据各用水行业的发展目标,提出初始水权配置系统应遵循的基本原则,确定不同用水行业的用水优先序位,建立目标规划模型,实现不同用水行业的初始水权配置,防止不同用水行业之间的恶性竞争用水问题。结合案例分析验证模型的实效性。     

音乐教师教育培养目标价值取向的百年嬗变及其文化阐释

近百年来,随着社会变革与文化变迁,我国音乐教师教育培养目标的价值取向经历了从＂政治挂帅＂到＂政-经主导＂两大阶段,尽管也不乏个人价值关怀的端倪,然整体来说形变而神未变,依然是建立在社会发展需求之上的一种价值观念,体现了＂社会本位＂的特点。我国＂重人伦＂、＂重群体＂之传统文化观、＂乐之教化在于道德＂之传统音乐文化观及＂圣人君子＂之传统教育目的观是潜藏于其后的文化根源。在新的历史时期,应关注文化土壤的更新、建设现代文化;重构现代教育价值体系;注重课程实践,树立培养目标与课程实践相统一的政策执行理念,以实现音乐教师教育培养目标＂以人为本＂的价值取向。     

Quantifying requirements elaboration to improve early software cost estimation

This paper describes an empirical study undertaken to investigate the quantitative aspects of the phenomenon of requirements elaboration which deals with transformation of high-level goals into low-level requirements. Prior knowledge of the magnitude of requirements elaboration is instrumental in developing early estimates of a project’s cost and schedule. This study examines the data on two different types of goals and requirements - capability and level of service (LOS) - of 20 real-client, graduate-student, team projects done at USC. Metrics for data collection and analyses are described along with the utility of results they produce. Besides revealing a marked difference between the elaboration of capability goals and the elaboration of LOS goals, these results provide some initial relationships between the nature of projects and their ratios of elaboration of capability goals into capability or functional requirements.     

On multiobjective combinatorial optimization and dynamic interim hedging of efficient portfolios

A dynamic portfolio policy is one that periodically rebalances an optimally diversified portfolio to account for time‐varying correlations. In order to sustain target‐level Sharpe performance ratios between rebalancing points, the efficient portfolio must be hedged with an optimal number of contingent claim contracts. This research presents a mixed‐integer nonlinear goal program (MINLGP) that is directed to solve the hierarchical multiple goal portfolio optimization model when the decision maker is faced with a binary hedging decision between portfolio rebalance periods. The MINLGP applied to this problem is formed by extending the separable programming foundation of a lexicographic nonlinear goal program (NLGP) to include branch‐and‐bound constraints. We establish the economic efficiency of applying this normative approach to dynamic portfolio rebalancing by comparing the risk‐adjusted performance measures of a hedged optimal portfolio to those of a naively diversified portfolio. We find that a hedged equally weighted small portfolio and a hedged efficiently diversified small portfolio perform similarly when comparing risk‐adjusted return metrics. However, when percentile risk measures are used to measure performance, the hedged optimally diversified portfolio clearly produces less expected catastrophic loss than does its nonhedged and naively diversified counterpart.     

Multifinality in implicit choice.

This research examines the possibility that people's choices in the service of an explicit focal goal may also reflect their tendency to fulfill implicit background goals and in that sense are multifinal. We carried out 5 experimental studies to investigate this notion. In Experiment 1, a primed implicit goal affected individuals' choices even when those avowedly served an explicit “focal” goal. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with a different type of implicit goals. Experiment 3 found that primed implicit goals had no effect on choices where the options that served them undermined the explicit goal. Experiment 4 found that a primed implicit goal served by a multifinal option does not privilege it over a unifinal option if that goal had been already attained by a different means. Finally, Experiment 5, via 3 types of control groups, showed that choices were affected by both the explicit and implicit goals in isolation, and they shifted toward multifinality when these goals were conjointly present. The discussion considers the integrative potential of the multifinality framework and its implications for a variety of phenomena in the domain of motivated cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)