Hospital Health Care Delivery.

This article provides an overview of the articles that compose the Public Forum section of the American Psychologist. These articles explore the roles of psychologists (past, present, and future) in hospitals and the range of services that are or might be provided by the profession. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychologists in State Mental Hospital Systems Resurveyed.

Five years ago the authors reported findings of a survey of certain basic features of classifications of psychologists within state mental hospital systems (Amer. Psychologist, 19S8, 13, 471-476). In an effort to make information more available regarding the contemporary status and changes within these systems, another survey was initiated in the late fall of 1962, utilizing procedures of the earlier investigation. Under the egis of the Virginia Psychological Association, letters were forwarded to the mental hospital authority of each state along with a 3-page questionnaire covering activities, qualifications, and salaries associated with established classes of psychologists. When the two surveys are compared, perhaps the most noteworthy finding is the greater refinement and differentiation in levels of psychologists. In the earlier study, psychologists' classifications were differentiated, on the average, into four levels; the median now falls at five. Positions corresponding to pre- and postdoctoral traineeships are more numerous. Five states now include individual positions using a research title or have established a supplementary system of classification primarily devoted to research activity. The salient need for comprehensive information, the diversity of state systems involved, and the difficulty of integrating relatively disparate surveys indicate that serious consideration should be given to a centralized approach to provide a nexus for stabilizing the kinds of data gathered and for their uniform public presentation. It is strongly recommended that a solution to this problem of furnishing valid information for consultation and other purposes be brought about through a systematic programing of surveys involving reciprocal action, mutual responsibility, and a coordination of efforts by the national and state psychological associations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Drive strength and symptom manifestations.

Behavior ratings of patients in a psychiatric hospital were used to test the Hullian principle: reaction potential of a response is a function of habit strength and drive strength. Given equality of one factor, individual differences in reaction potential may be attributed to the other. Assuming equality of the habit strength of 3 classes of behavior, 9 submeasures of reaction potential were correlated with these behaviors in 4 diagnostically differentiated groups. Hypotheses were formulated, tested, and the results discussed in regard to an understanding of the patients as well as the research methodology employed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role satisfaction of psychologists in state hospitals.

"All midwestern, state employed, institutional psychologists listed in the 1960 APA Directory (N = 131) were requested to return an anonymous questionnaire. Seventy-one persons responded from the nine states included." As years of state employment increase the actual satisfaction and abstract expectation levels both rise. Master's level psychologists "tend to respond with a somewhat greater job satisfaction than do PhD staff members… . Psychologists who reported working in institutions with a frankly organic orientation express a lesser percentage of satisfaction on the PA [Professional Activities] scale than do psychologists reporting a psychologic orientation." State employed clinical psychologists "as a group are reasonably well satisfied spending almost 80% of their time in gratifying activities." From Psyc Abstracts 36:01:3AL23M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychological Needs and Threat to Safety: Implications for Staff and Patients in a Psychiatric Hospital for Youth.

For psychiatric care workers and administrators, physical threat from behaviorally dysregulated patients is an important issue tied to many others, including workers' job satisfaction, motivation, well-being, and attitude toward patients. Yet, the impact of threats to physical safety may be offset by factors in the clinical environment. The authors tested hypotheses derived from self-determination theory concerning the relations of workplace need satisfaction and perceived threat to motivation, attitudes, and well-being among clinical staff within an adolescent psychiatric inpatient hospital. Also tested were relations between need satisfaction and treatment motivation among adolescent patients. To improve the experience of psychiatric workers and their patients, clinical staff and their administrators must attend to the satisfaction of needs for autonomy, relatedness, and competence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Investigating the effect of online and offline reputation on the provision of online counseling services: A case study of the Internet hospitals in China

The sustainable development of Internet hospitals and e-health platforms relies on the participation of patients and physicians, especially on the provision of health counseling services by physicians. The objective of our study is to explore the factors motivating Chinese physicians to provide online health counseling services from the perspectives of their online and offline reputation. We collect the data of 141029 physicians from 6173 offline hospitals located in 350 cities in China. Based on the reputation theory and previous studies, we incorporate patients’ feedback as physicians’ online reputation and incorporate physicians’ offline professional status as physicians’ offline reputation. Results show that physicians’ online reputation significantly and positively influence their online counseling behaviors, whereas physicians’ offline reputation significantly and negatively influence their online counseling behaviors. We conclude that physician’s online and offline reputations show a competitive and substitute relationship rather than a complementary relationship in influencing physicians to provide online counseling services in Internet hospitals. One possible explanation for the substitute relationship could be the constraints of limited time and effort of physicians.     

全科型卫生院辖区居民家庭对便携式药包的需求评估

目的了解全科型乡镇卫生院辖区农村居民对便携式药包的需求,为科学设计适合全科型地区农村居民使用的便携式药包提供依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法,对湖南、宁夏与江苏省3个全科型卫生院所辖150户户主对便携式药包的需求进行调查与分析。结果农村居民对便携式药包的需求率为83．3％。125户需求者期望便携式药包能储存的主要药品为：感冒药（95．2％）、创口贴（68．0％）、清凉油（44．0％）、风油精（35．2％）、高血压用药（21．6％）、碘酊（14．4％）;期望能储存的主要器械为体温计（79．2％）、棉签（68．8％）、血压计（23．2％）;期望其大小为：长（25．94±10．95）cm,宽（18．59±10．24）cm,高（16．73±11．76）cm。期望其主要的功能特点为适用（76．0％）、安全（60．8％）、轻便（41．6％）、经济（45．6％）、防水（34．4％）、简单（26．4％）,期望其价格主要为11～20元占53．6％;对材质需求主要倾向于硬材料者占80．0％,并把塑料作为原材料的首选。结论全科型卫生院辖区农村居民对便携式药包的需求率较高,便携式药包的设计与制作应充分满足农村居民的需求,只有尊重市场需求,才能保证便携式药包推广使用。     

江西省县级妇幼保健院卫生人力资源配置的调查分析

目的了解江西省卫生服务能力建设工程实施3年后县级妇幼保健院人力资源配置的提升情况,为完善江西省卫生行政部门制定有关卫生机构能力建设的措施提供依据。方法采用普查的方法进行调查,同时对江西省11个区市的县级妇幼保健院采用自制的江西省县级妇幼保健机构卫生服务能力建设工程终期调查表进行调查。用描述性统计指标对2010年江西省11个区市的县级妇幼保健院的人力资源现状进行分析,并与2007年的数据进行比较。结果 2010年全省县级妇幼保健院平均每院职工总数54.30人,比2007年增长了16.08%;平均每院卫技人员数46.07人,比2007年增加7.53人;2010年县级妇幼保健院平均医护比为1∶0.77,比2007年1∶0.66稍有提高,但和全国1∶2以及国际水平1∶3相差很远;卫生人员在学历方面中专及以下学历占的比重最大,占48.30%,比2007年多16.28%;2010年初级职称比重高为61.27%,比2007年多10.94%。结论江西省卫生服务能力建设工程实施3年后,江西省各县级妇幼保健院人力资源配置有所改善,但在医护比、学历和职称分布方面有待进一步提高。     

基于SQL 数据库的医院财务管理信息平台

为提升医院财务信息的管理能力,利用信息化技术建立医院财务信息一体化平台,采用统一的数据库对财务信息数据进行统一存储和处理。对基于信息一体化的医院财务信息一体化平台的架构进行设计,基于结构化查询语言(structuredquerylanguage,SQL)技术建立财务网上报销系统,对医院财务报销业务流程进行分析,以SQL Server2005为后台数据库,实行客户/服务器(browser/server,B/S)模式的医院财务报销流程。实验结果表明：该系统对多用户并发的单业务响应时间<4.96s,对多用户并发的混合业务的响应时间<65s;系统的数据吞吐量为8 Mbps,数据处理效率为87%,优于同类系统的数据处理结果,优于一般系统的操作响应性能,可以满足医院财务管理的需求,为建立信息化的医院财务管理信息平台提供参考。