少资料条件河渠冬季冰情过程模拟研究

针对天然河道开展冰情过程数值模拟普遍存在的河道断面资料、水文和气象资料缺少的难题,本研究提出了时均气温和时均太阳辐射计算方法和支流流量的动态分配方法,即根据实测日最大气温、日最小气温和日净太阳辐射率定出关键影响参数,模拟出给定气象站的时均气温和时均太阳辐射的变化过程;通过上游流量向下游传播过程的特征分析,推演出缺少支流流量条件下河道区间支流流量分配的合理比例。将本文方法应用到黄河内蒙河段冰情过程模拟计算中,模拟的巴彦高勒冰盖厚度值和冰盖前沿的发展同实测值吻合良好。本研究成果可应用到少资料条件下江、河、渠道冰情演变过程的数值模拟中,为天然河道冰情的准确模拟提供方法支撑。     

黄河内蒙古段冰盖厚度模拟

基于原型观测数据对黄河内蒙古段的冰盖厚度进行模拟,通过引入Colburn类比法计算冰盖下的热通量,在热力学方程中引入河流流量、水流流速、水位河道坡降、冰盖糙率等因素,改进基于Stefan公式的度日法冰厚计算模型。采用巴彦高勒至头道拐河段4个测站的原型观测数据率定该冰厚计算模型的相关参数,并通过气温、水温数据进行冰厚计算。结果表明：改进后的冰厚计算模型在计算结果的精度上达到1.97％,相比于Stefan模型的14.99％、统一度日法模型的4.77％、动水冰厚辐射冰冻度日法模型的14.98％,精度上有所提升,冰厚变化趋势与现场原型观测趋势一致;根据累积气温值与气温序列特征分析2006—2017年的头道拐测站气温数据,提取冬季累积气温值最大的2009—2010年进行冰厚计算,模型计算结果精度为734％。[JP]改进模型在正常天气条件和极端天气条件下的冰厚计算结果均保持较高的精度,研究结果可为极端天气条件下研究区的冰厚计算提供理论依据。     

Thermal conductivity of a dendritic ice layer

Measurements of the thermal conductivities of the frozen layer of aqueous binary solutions have been performed using the transient hot-wire method. Solutions of ethylene glycol and sodium chloride were utilized as the testing fluids, and they were frozen up in the test section in which the platinum wires 40 m in diameter and 170 mm in length were strung. Measurements were carried out under equilibrium at a variety of both the initial concentration of the solution and the temperature of the frozen layer. The expressions of the thermal conductivity of the frozen layer were determined. It was found that the thermal conductivity of the dendritic ice layer was favorably assessed with the Lichteneker's model by introducing the solid fraction under an assumption of the equililbrium within the range of parameters examined.Paper presented at the Tenth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 20–23, 1988, Gaithersburg, Maryland, U.S.A.     

钛合金粉末注射成形溶剂脱脂工艺研究

采用粉末注射成形方法制备了钛合金坯体，然后利用溶剂脱脂方法脱除坯体中可溶性粘结剂。通过对溶剂脱脂动力学分析表明，在脱脂过程中，存在动力学控制步骤转化的过程，提出了脱脂临界厚度的概念。当厚度超过5mm时，试样脱脂过程受扩散控制，在常温下进行溶剂脱脂时，其扩散系数为1．86×10^-6cm^2·s^-1，活化能为12．96kJ．mol^-1.K^-1；在厚度小于5mm时，试样脱脂过程受粘结剂溶解和扩散混合控制。     

四辊铝箔轧机预控参数在线整定

介绍Ф210mm/Ф500mm× 800mm四辊液压轧机厚度预控系统中采用人机界面实现参数在线调整的方法,能大大提高预控参数的控制精度,减少轧机产品的厚度误差,是厚度自动控制的一项创新.     

管无芯弯曲中塑性变形规律的研究

通过大量管材弯曲试验,分析了沿弯曲线的切向和管壁厚方向的应力应变状态,给出弯管内、外侧管壁厚变化量和切向应变的近似计算公式。在后续试验的基础上,逐步将修正公式适用于实际生产。同时,为管材弯曲成形机理研究作了相应的基础准备工作。     

Biocompatibility of surface treated pure titanium and titanium alloy by<Emphasis Type="Italic">in vivo</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> test

In the present study, commercial pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy specimens with and without alkali and heat treatments were implanted in the abdominal connective tissue of mice. Conventional stainless steel 316L was also implanted for comparison. After three months, their biocompatibility was evaluated byin vitro andin vivo experiments. Surface structural changes of specimens due to the alkali treatment and soaking in Hank’s solution were analyzed by XRD, SEM, XPS and AES. An apatite layer, which accelerates the connection with bone, was formed more easily on the alkali treated specimens than the non-treated specimens. The number of macrophages, which is known to increase as the inflammatory reaction proceeds, was much lower for the alkali and heat treated specimens than for the others. The average thickness of the fibrous capsule formed around the implant was much thinner for the alkali and heat treated specimens than for the others.     

冷轧硅钢横向同板差优化方案研究

对冷轧硅钢横向同板差的影响因素进行了研究。利用6 Sigma的研究方法,开展DOE实验方案设计,得到同板差与4个变量的回归模型。通过对模型中各变量进行优化,得到同板差最优值。在满足客户对同板差要求的前提下,可根据热轧平均凸度,对中间辊窜辊、辊型进行优化,以减少冷轧切边量、避免切边浪费、提高硅钢综合成材率。     

冰花镀锡在金属制品上的应用

在金属制品上获得美丽的结晶冰花,美化生活用品,已越来越为人们所重视。本文对冰花镀锡的电镀液组成,工艺参数的控制,生产过程中的故障排除作出了全面的介绍.     

Ф400mm自动轧管机有限元模拟及工艺优化

为提高包钢钢联股份有限公司Ф400mm自动轧管机轧制的钢管壁厚精度．进行了轧卡试验及有限元模拟分析，获得了钢管在孔型中的应变分布状况，经过优化孔型参数和改进轧辊孔型，使轧制的钢管横向和纵向壁厚偏差大大减小。