Pheromone specificity inEriocrania semipurpurella (Stephens) andE. sangii (Wood) (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae) based on chirality of semiochemicals

The fifth abdominal segment of femaleEriocrania semipurpurella (Stephens) andE. sangii (Wood) contains a pair of exocrine glands. Hexane extracts of this segment were prepared from both species and analyzed by gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection (EAD). For both species, the EAD active peaks were identified as nonan-2-one, (Z)-6-nonen-2-one, and (Z)-6-nonen-2-ol by means of mass spectrometry and comparison of retention indices with those of synthetic standards. Enantiomeric separation of chiral alcohols from the female extracts was achieved by gas chromatographic analysis on a cyclodextrin column. InE. semipurpurella, a mixture of (2S,6Z)-nonen-2-ol and (2R,6Z)-nonen-2-ol (2: I) was found, whereas inE. sangii (2S,6Z)-nonen-2-ol was the predominant enantiomer and only traces of theR enantiomer were indicated by the antennal response. In field tests, a blend of the three compounds was not attractive to conspecific males. A subtractive assay showed that the alcohol in various enantiomeric mixtures was the only attractive compound, whereas addition of (Z)-6-nonen-2-one to the alcohol completely inhibited the attraction of both species. A trapping experiment including a wide range of ratios between theR andS enantiomers showed that baits containing 95–100% of theS enantiomer were attractive to maleE. sangii, whereas males ofE. semipurpurella were attracted to all tested ratios of the enantiomers. However, the response profiles of maleE. semipurpurella differed between populations from southern Sweden, south Finland, and the Kola Peninsula in Russia. In south Sweden males were maximally attracted to a racemic mixture of the alcohols. At the Kola PeninsulaE. semipurpurella was attracted to baits containing 95–100% of theR enantiomer. In south Finland all tested ratios between 0 and 100%R enantiomer trappedE. semipurpurella, but the trap catches appeared to be bimodally distributed with peaks around 15 and 70%R enantiomer. The trapping results suggest the existence of pheromone races or sibling species among the specimens identified asE. semipurpurella.Dedicated to Prof. H. J. Bestmann on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

Sex attractants for Geometrid and Noctuid moths

Male moths belonging to 17 species of Geometridae and nine species of Noctuidae were captured in traps baited with synthetic chemicals as part of a field screening program. The compounds tested were the C₁₈-C₂₂ homologs of: (1) (3Z,6Z,9Z)-triene hydrocarbons; (2) mixtures containing equal quantities of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-expoxydienes, (3Z,92Z)-cis-6,7-epoxydienes, and (6Z,9Z)-cis-3,4-epoxydienes; (3) (3Z,6Z)-9S,10R-epoxydienes; (4) (3Z,6Z)-9R,10S-epoxydienes; and (5) (3Z,6Z,9Z,11E)-nonadecatetraene. Field captures and electroantennographic assays revealed a high degree of specificity in the responses of many species to the synthetic chemicals. In several species the ability of males to discriminate between the 9S,10R and 9R,10S enantiomers of the monoepoxydiene isomers was clearly shown. Synergists and inhibitors were discovered for several of the reported attractants, some of which were not previously known to have semiochemical activity. The geometrid moths captured includedEpirrhoe sperryi (Herbulot),Mesoleuca ruficillata (Guenée),Triphosa haesitata (Guenée),Metanema inatomaria (Guenée),Prochoerodes transversata (Drury),Cabera erythemaria (Guenée),Synaxis jubararia (Hulst),Dysstroma brunneata ethela (Hulst),Eulithes testata (Linnaeus),Sicya macularia (Harris),Xanthorhoe iduata (Guenée),X. abrasaria aquilonaria (Herrich-Schäffer),X. munitata (Hübner),Itame loricaria (Eversmann),Eupithecia annulata (Hulst),E. rovocastaliata (Packard) andE. satyrata dodata (Taylor). The noctuid moths captured includedBleptina caradrinalis (Guenée),Idia américalis (Guenée),I. aemula (Hübner),Rivula propinqualis (Guenée),Lomanaltes eductalis (Walker),Spargaloma sexpunctata (Grote),Caenurgina distincta (Neumuller),Euclidia cuspidea (Hübner), andZale duplicata (Bethune). Six of the nine noctuid species captured belong to three subfamilies for which sex attractants had not been reported previously. Details for the stereospecific synthesis of (3Z,6Z)-cis-9,10-epoxydienes are also reported.Issued as NRCC No. 24314.     

固体酸催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的研究

水杨酸异丙酯是一种重要的化工原料和药物中间体 ,现行合成工艺存在诸多缺点。因此 ,新型高效催化剂的开发和工艺改进是水杨酸异丙酯合成的一个重要课题。以固体酸SA为催化剂合成水杨酸异丙酯 ,发现固体酸SA对水杨酸异丙酯合成具有良好的催化活性。考察并优化了固体酸SA催化合成水杨酸异丙酯的工艺条件。实验结果表明 ,采用优化的工艺条件 ,固体酸SA催化剂可减少催化剂用量 ,提高总收率 ,缩短生产周期 ,降低生产成本     

1-对甲氧基苯基-cis-1,2-环己二醇的合成

利用对甲氧基苯基溴化镁和环己酮首先在冰水浴控温下开始反应,接着回流40min制得α-位取代的环己醇,用对甲苯磺酸脱水后纯化得到1-对甲氧基苯基-1,2-环己烯,再于冰水浴中用甲酸-过氧化氢氧化环己烯,经水解制得标题化合物,总收率34%。     

Synthesis and characterization of stearyl‐group‐terminated dendrimers and thermosensitivity of their toluene solutions

Stearyl‐group‐terminated poly(ester amide) dendrimers [PEAD (R)₃ and PEAD (R)₈] and a poly(amino amide) dendrimer [PAMAM (R)₄] were synthesized by the amidation of three, eight, and four terminated primary amino groups in poly(ester amine) dendrimers and a poly(amino amide) dendrimer with stearyl chloride. The dendrimer structures were characterized with IR and elemental analysis. The toluene solutions of the stearyl‐group‐terminated dendrimers were thermosensitive. Not only did gels form in PEAD (R)₃–, PEAD (R)₈–, and PAMAM (R)₄–toluene solutions below 57.5, 60, and 49°C, respectively, but the content of toluene in the gels depended on the temperature, and a break existed at about 30°C. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 341–346, 2005     

增产胺合成路线及生物活性述评

主要介绍增产胺（DCPTA）及其几个重要的类似物的合成方法、生物活性，充分表明了增产胺及其类似物是一类可用于多种农作物的高效植物生长调节剂。     

5-氨基-3-氰基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基苯基)吡唑的合成方法概述及研究

以2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基苯胺为原料,经重氮化和环化反应得到5-氨基-3-氰基-1-(2,6-二氯-4-三氟甲基苯基)吡唑,本方法工艺操作简单,易于工业化生产。收率85%,纯度为95%。     

Microstructure of high modulus solid state extruded polyethylene: 2. X-ray scattering studies of 12, 24 and 36 extrusion draw ratio

The microstructure of a series of solid state extruded polyethylene fibres was examined by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering. By measuring absolute intensities using a two dimensional position sensitive detector, accurate values of the small-angle invariant for anisotropic samples were obtained. This measurement coupled with wide-angle X-ray scattering and d.s.c. permitted determination of the density of the noncrystalline component. The use of a two phase model for solid state extruded polyethylene is justified if consideration is given to the effective densities of the crystalline and noncrystalline phases, which change with deformation. The effective density of the crystalline phase decreases by 1% (0.999–0.990 g cm^?3) from the unextruded billet compared to a 36 draw ratio extrudate, while the noncrystalline phase density increases by 6% (0.84–0.89 g cm^?3). These changes lead to an overall decrease in the mean squared electron density fluctuation of 63%. The average axial crystallite length measured by wide-angle X-ray scattering increases with extrusion draw ratio while the SAXS long period decreases and weakens considerably. These observations and the electron microscopy results from the previous paper, (Polymer, 1982, 23, 1069), are fully consistent with the key features of the Peterlin model of fibre microstructure.     

三苯基膦及其衍生物的合成及应用

评述了三苯基膦和三苯基膦衍生物的合成及其应用的研究和发展概况。三苯基膦及其衍生物在有机合成中起着重要作用,主要是用于有机磷阻燃剂的中间体和两相水溶性催化剂中的配体。     

阳离子交换树脂催化合成十三碳二元酸二乙酯

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,十三碳二元酸与乙醇为原料合成十三碳二元酸二乙酯,考察了影响反应的因素。结果表明:醇酸摩尔比为4∶1,催化剂用量为酸质量的2%,在3分子筛脱水的情况下反应7 h,酯化率达98.4%,并且催化剂可重复使用3次。