多方量子密钥管理协议设计与安全性分析

针对多个用户之间多功能、多任务的保密通信需求,利用d级Bell态和猫态的纠缠交换,设计了一种能在一次执行过程中同时实现密钥生成、密钥分发和密钥备份功能的新型量子密钥管理(Quantum Key Management,QKM)协议,并将协议从面向两个管理者和两个用户的特定方案推广到含有L个管理者和N个用户的一般情形。最后,详细论证了该协议的安全性能。     

Continuous-Variable Quantum Network Coding Based on Quantum Discord

Establishing entanglement is an essential task of quantum communication technology. Beyond entanglement, quantum discord, as a measure of quantum correlation, is a necessary prerequisite to the success of entanglement distribution. To realize efficient quantum communication based on quantum discord, in this paper, we consider the practical advantages of continuous variables and propose a feasible continuous-variable quantum network coding scheme based on quantum discord. By means of entanglement distribution by separable states, it can achieve quantum entanglement distribution from sources to targets in a butterfly network. Compared with the representative discrete-variable quantum network coding schemes, the proposed continuous-variable quantum network coding scheme has a higher probability of entanglement distribution and defends against eavesdropping and forgery attacks. Particularly, the deduced relationship indicates that the increase in entanglement is less than or equal to quantum discord.     

Relation between quantum probe and entanglement in n-qubit systems within Markovian and non-Markovian environments

We address in detail the process of parameter estimation for an n-qubit system dissipating into a cavity in which the qubits are coupled to the single-mode cavity field via coupling constant g which should be estimated. In addition, the cavity field interacts with an external field considered as a set of continuum harmonic oscillators. We analyse the behaviour of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) for both weak and strong coupling regimes. In particular, we show that in strong coupling regime, the memory effects are dominant, leading to an oscillatory variation in the dynamics of the QFI and consequently information flowing from the environment to the quantum system. We show that when the number of the qubits or the coupling strength rises, the oscillations, signs of non-Markovian evolution of the QFI, increase. This indicates that in the strong-coupling regime, increasing the size of the system or the coupling strength remarkably enhances the reversed flow of information. Moreover, we find that it is possible to retard the QFI loss during the time evolution and therefore enhance the estimation of the parameter using a cavity with a larger decay rate factor. Furthermore, analysing the dynamics of the QFI and negativity of the probe state, we reveal a close relationship between the entanglement of probes and their capability for estimating the parameter. It is shown that in order to perform a better estimation of the parameter, we should avoid measuring when the entanglement between the probes is maximized.     

UHMWPE初生态微观结构及不同成型条件下制品力学性能研究

超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)极高的分子量及线性分子链特性使其具备很多的优异性能,在军工、医药卫生等领域的应用越来越广泛的同时,对UHMWPE树脂的性能不断提出更高的要求。故利用高分辨扫描电镜(SEM)、高温凝胶色谱-红外联用(GPC-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)及差式扫描量热仪(DSC)对树脂初生态粒子的结晶结构、分子特性及热力学性能进行了研究,并通过控制模压过程中的冷却速率来研究UHMWPE样品的结晶行为,进而分析UHMWPE微观特性与宏观性能之间的关系。研究发现由次级颗粒和微纤组成的UHMWPE初生态粒子中具有大量的片晶和伸直链,分子链排列规整,结晶度高;但在熔融再结晶加工成制品的过程中,分子链的规整性遭到破坏,与初生态粒子相比,结晶度下降、缠结密度变大。另外,不同降温速率的样品中淬冷样品的分子链缠结密度最低,而低缠结、小的晶粒能够提升制品的耐冲击性能及断裂时的真应力。     

基于Bell态纠缠交换的量子盲签名方案

基于量子纠缠交换理论,提出一种基于Bell态纠缠交换的量子盲签名方案。消息拥有者Alice将待签名消息发送给盲签名者Charlie,Charlie根据双方共享的量子密钥对消息进行盲化签名,加密后发送给消息验证者Bob。Bob收到盲化签名后,根据他与Charlie共享的量子密钥对签名进行验证。利用量子纠缠特性,实现了消息对签名者Charlie的盲化性。基于量子密钥分发和一次一密技术,保证了签名过程的绝对安全性。     

一种基于纠缠交换的可验证量子秘密共享协议*

提出了一种新的基于纠缠交换的可验证量子秘密共享协议,秘密分发者与其他参与者进行一对一的信息交互,对某一参与者等概率进入检测模式或信息模式,直至确定信息发送安全后,再与下一参与者进行信息交互。本协议不仅能够避免外部窃听,又可以防止内部欺骗,从而保证共享信息的正确性和安全性,达到可验证的效果。     

三体Bell对角态的纠缠

给出了三体223Bell对角态纠缠判定的一个必要条件和333Bell对角态纠缠的充分条件,进一步研究了333Bell对角态纠缠与密度矩阵部分转置的关系以及Bell对角态负性的数学表达式.     

杂化纠缠系统的纠缠猝死研究

研究了一类杂化纠缠态在两种不同类型退相干信道下的纠缠动力学行为,以及退相干过程中出现的纠缠猝死现象.计算了相位阻尼信道和退极化信道下的纠缠度,并分析了纠缠度随时间的变化.结果表明在相位阻尼信道下不会出现纠缠猝死现象;在退极化信道下杂化纠缠态会经历纠缠猝死,纠缠度在某一特定的时间内衰减为零.     

一维波导中并置两原子的量子纠缠

在线性离散关系下研究了一维波导中两个并列放置的原子之间的量子纠缠.为调查两原子间的纠缠度,用实空间方法计算了透射和反射光谱振幅,讨论了单光子的散射特性和纠缠态的并发性.结果表明:通过改变原子偶极-偶极相互作用可产生Fano线型的散射光谱,偶极-偶极相互作用可作为导致光谱Fano共振的一种可能的工具.通过调控原子-波导的耦合强度,量子并发也会发生Fano共振,可通过观察Fano共振推断出最大量子纠缠.