周围型小肺癌的CT诊断(附57例分析)

目的通过对周围型小肺癌征象的分析,评价基本征象与其它征象对其诊断的应用价值。方法对57例病理证实的周围型小肺癌进行分析。其中普通CT薄层(3mm)扫描11例;螺旋CT常规加薄层扫描(层厚3mm,进床速度为3mm/s,重建3mm)25例,常规加高分辨率CT扫描(层厚1mm,间距3mm)12例,常规加增强9例。结果周围型小肺癌征象有:毛刺征,占89.5%;分叶征,占86.0%;胸膜凹陷征,占80.7%;血管集聚征,占56.1%;空泡征,占57.9%;空洞征,占5.3%;支气管充气征,占22.8%;瘤灶胸膜侧条片状影,占22.8%;引流支气管截断征,占7.0%;磨玻璃征,占1.8%。结论用薄层扫描或高分辨率CT扫描是周围型小肺癌诊断和鉴别诊断的重要方法。     

肺部间质性病变CR与DR影像检查和诊断的应用研究

目的评价分析CR系统和DR系统在肺部间质性病变患者影象检查中的效果。方法选择2007年2月至2009年2月本院就诊的肺部间质性病变患者58例,分别采用CR系统和DR系统进行了影像检查,并与传统屏-片系统的检查结果做了一个对照比较。结果与传统屏-片影像检查结果相比,DR系统和CR系统在肺部间质性病变解剖结构中的影像表现能力均优于传统胶片;DR系统在诊断肺部间质性病变的细微结构影像表现方面优于CR系统。结论DR系统在肺部间质性病变影像诊断上的优势是明确的,建议基层医院可进一步推广使用。     

基于蓝牙的心肺音采集系统

心脏疾病目前已经成为致死率第一的疾病。学者们正在致力于研究各种治疗方式,以从心脏病手中挽救人们的生命。而目前我国的心血管发病率在逐年增加,心血管课题也成为一个重要课题,心血管疾病也越来越受到人们的重视。本文研究了心肺音采集系统的适配电路,阐述了可分离心、肺音的多功能无线可视化电子听诊器的应用前景。针对可分离心、肺音的多功能无线可视化电子听诊器工作原理确定了适配电路的选择方案。详细介绍了各部分电路的功能,构成低功耗、低成本的硬件平台,实现基于蓝牙的心肺音采集系统。     

Analyzing CT images for detecting lung cancer by applying the computational intelligence-based optimization techniques

Lung cancer is the most critical disease because it affects both men and women. Most of the time, lung cancer leads to death due to less health care and medical attention. In addition, lung cancer is difficult to identify in earlier stages due to the low-level symptoms and risk factors. To overcome the complexity, effective techniques must predict lung cancer earlier. To attain the problem statement, an lung cancer identification system is developed with the help of a meta-heuristic algorithm. The CT imageries obtained from the CIA database are analyzed step by step. The gathered image noise is removed by applying the mean filter, and the affected regions are segmented with the help of the Butterfly Optimization Algorithm-based K-Means Clustering (BOAKMC) algorithm. Afterward, various statistical features are derived, and the Supervised Jaya Optimized Rough Set related Feature Selection (SJORSFS) process is used to select the lung features. Finally, the lung cancer is identified using Autoencoder based Recurrent Neural Network (ARNN) classification algorithm, successfully recognizing the lung cancer features. Then the system's efficiency is evaluated using a MATLAB setup; here, 3000 are treated as training images and 2043 for testing images. The effective training enhances overall lung cancer prediction accuracy by up to 99.15%.     

基于平均密度投影和平移高斯模型的肺结节检测与分割算法

针对 CT图像中肺结节与血管粘连导致分割困难的问题,提出了一种基于平均密度投影和平移高斯模型的肺结节检测与分割算法。首先通过对二维CT序列图像作平均密度投影(AIP),融合局部三维特征生成AIP图像,然后利用阈值分割和形态学方法对结节轮廓进行粗分割,最后通过建立平移高斯模型来拟合肺结节,从而实现对肺结节的精确分割。对30个血管粘连性肺结节CT图像的实验结果表明,本文算法与专业医师标记区域的面积交迭度达到91%,能够实现对粘连型肺结节的有效分割,但对于灰度较弱且体积较小的肺结节仍存在漏检的风险,需要后续进一步研究。     

兔肺血管紧张素转换酶的分离提取及特性研究

采用DEAE SepharoseFF离子交换色谱分离方法从兔肺中分离提取血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)。采用马尿酰组氨酰亮氨酸 (HHL)作为底物测得其酶活力为 1 95U /mg ,最适温度和 pH值分别为 3 7℃和 8 3。经与商品兔肺ACE进行对照实验表明 ,分离得到的兔肺ACE与商品兔肺ACE的性质完全相同     

A tester for artificial respirators

All equipment used for resuscitation must be validated before use. This is possible only if means are available for simulating the human airways and lungs, reproducing the conditions in which the respirators will be employed. It is also important that such simulators be capable of determining all variables (flow rate, respiratory rate, pressure, etc.) that can be regulated with an artificial ventilator in full agreement with international standards. This paper illustrates the development of a lightweight, portable prototype lung model with a compliant bellows whereby various lung conditions can be simulated. The prototype was validated using a fixed-capacity reference model which ensures good measurement accuracy, though its weight and bulk are by no means inconsiderable. The investigation was carried out by sizing each component in accordance with international and American standards.     

In vitro irradiation station for broad beam radiobiological experiments

The study of the interaction of charged particles with living matter is of prime importance to the fields of radiotherapy, radioprotection and space radiobiology. Particle accelerators and their associated equipment are proven to be helpful tools in performing basic science in all these fields. Indeed, they can accelerate virtually any ions to a given energy and flux and let them interact with living matter either in vivo or in vitro. In this context, the University of Namur has developed a broad beam in vitro irradiation station for use in radiobiological experiments. Cells are handled in GLP conditions and can be irradiated at various fluxes with ions ranging from hydrogen to carbon. The station is mounted on a 2 MV tandem accelerator, and the energy range can be set up in the linear energy transfer (LET) ranges that are useful for radiobiological experiments. This paper describes the current status of the hardware that has been developed, and presents results related to its performance in term of dose-rate, energy range and beam uniformity for protons, alpha particles and carbon ions. The results of clonogenic assays of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells irradiated with protons and alpha particles are also presented and compared with literature.     

Identification of Oxidative Stress Related Proteins as Biomarkers for Lung Cancer and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Bronchoalveolar Lavage

Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) commonly coexist in smokers, and the presence of COPD increases the risk of developing LC. Cigarette smoke causes oxidative stress and an inflammatory response in lung cells, which in turn may be involved in COPD and lung cancer development. The aim of this study was to identify differential proteomic profiles related to oxidative stress response that were potentially involved in these two pathological entities. Protein content was assessed in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of 60 patients classified in four groups: COPD, COPD and LC, LC, and control (neither COPD nor LC). Proteins were separated into spots by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and examined by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF). A total of 16 oxidative stress regulatory proteins were differentially expressed in BAL samples from LC and/or COPD patients as compared with the control group. A distinct proteomic reactive oxygen species (ROS) protein signature emerged that characterized lung cancer and COPD. In conclusion, our findings highlight the role of the oxidative stress response proteins in the pathogenic pathways of both diseases, and provide new candidate biomarkers and predictive tools for LC and COPD diagnosis.