软件定义车联网中缓存辅助的NOMA功率分配方案研究

由于对丰富多媒体服务的需求日益增长,车联网需要提供海量的设备连接以满足高频谱效率和低延迟的需求。软件定义网络（SDN）、缓存和非正交多址接入（NOMA）被认为是有效解决这些关键挑战的潜在技术。针对软件定义车联网,提出了一种缓存辅助的NOMA功率分配方案。首先,针对车联网中车辆总是处于高速运动状态的特点,提出了一种新的簇头选择算法,到达的道路交通将借助SDN进行预测,实现自适应车辆分簇。其次,引入了缓存辅助的NOMA方案,每个车辆在文件缓存阶段使用NOMA原理缓存和请求文件。再次,针对双Nakagami-m衰落条件下的两个簇头车辆通信场景,提出了一种最优功率分配策略,将优化问题公式化为找到每辆车的最佳功率曲线,从而最大化地在每辆车上成功解码目标文件的概率。最后,数值仿真和理论分析表明,所提缓存辅助NOMA功率分配方案,性能明显优于传统的NOMA和缓存辅助的OMA。     

Potential applications of three-way multidimensional scaling and related techniques to integrate knowledge from multiple experts

Theknowledge transfer problem in artificial intelligence consists of finding effective ways to elicit information from a human expert and represent it in a form suitable for use by an expert system. One approach to formalizing and guiding this knowledge transfer process for certain types of expert systems is to use psychometric scaling methods to analyze data on how the human expert compares or groups solutions. For example, Butler and Corter [1] obtained judgments of thesubstitutability of solutions from an expert, then analyzed the resulting data via techniques for fitting trees and extended trees [2]. The expert's interpretation of certain aspects of the solutions were directly encoded as production rules, allowing rapid prototyping. In this paper we consider the problem of combining information from multiple experts. We propose the use of three-way or individual differences multidimensional scaling, tree-fitting, and unfolding models to analyze two types of data obtainable from the multiple experts: judgments of the substitutability of pairs of solutions, and judgments of the appropriateness of specific solutions to specific problems. An application is described in which substitutability data were obtained from three experts and analyzed using the SINDSCAL program [3] for three-way multidimensional scaling [4].     

Phase equilibria of the Al2O3–CaO–SiO2-(0%, 5%, 10%) MgO slag system for non-metallic inclusions control

Al₂O₃–CaO-(MgO–SiO₂) inclusions are one of the dominant inclusions in Al-deoxidized spring steel, the compositions changes of which are closely related to refining slags and deoxidization process. The Al₂O₃–CaO–SiO₂–MgO system can represent the primary ingredients of the Al₂O₃–CaO inclusions. According to analyzed compositions and predicted liquidus temperature ranges of inclusions and refining slag, equilibra experiments under high temperature, water quenching technique and subsquent electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) has been conducted to ascertain detailed thermodynamic database for inclusions control. Liquidus temperatures within the dominant phase fields of Ca₃SiO₅, Ca₂SiO₄, CaAl₂O₄, Ca₃Al₄O₉, spinel and MgO with the intervals of 20 °C from 1350 to 1560°C were identified. To further promote inclusions control, the influences of mass ratios of Mass(Al2O3)Mass(Al2O3+SiO2+CaO) and MgO contents on equilibrated phases and liquidus temperature changes have been explored. To further enhance modification levels of Al₂O₃–CaO-(MgO–SiO₂) system inclusions, it is suggested that refining time could be suitably prolonged.     

多重多维模糊推理算法的连续性和逼近性

针对多重、多维模糊推理情形,细致地研究了几类模糊推理算法是否满足连续性和逼近性,并进一步讨论了这几类算法对逼近误差的传播性能。把模糊推理算法看成是一个模糊集合到另一个模糊集合的映射,选用海明距离作为两模糊集的距离度量方法,证明了在模糊假言推理和模糊拒取式推理情形,几类多重多维模糊算法都拥有连续性。当多重多维模糊算法满足还原性时就具有逼近性;该模糊算法都不会放大逼近误差。结果对构建模糊控制系统和模糊专家系统时选用和分析模糊推理算法有一定的指导作用。     

基于码本模型和多特征的早期烟雾检测

提出一种基于码本模型和多特征的早期烟雾检测算法。首先,利用码本模型进行前景提取;然后,结合烟雾的颜色模型和形状特征模型检测前景中的疑似烟雾区域;最后,利用烟雾的动态特性,有效地降低误检率,提高算法的鲁棒性。通过ROC曲线对比,实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的烟雾检测能力。同时,能够满足实时性要求,具有较高的实用价值。     

高比例可再生能源渗透下多虚拟电厂多时间尺度协调优化调度

考虑可再生能源出力、电力负荷和电价等一系列不确定性因素,提出了高比例可再生能源渗透下的多虚拟电厂日内两阶段优化调度模型。该模型通过对多虚拟电厂中运行设备小时级时间尺度和分钟级时间尺度的协调优化,达到分级消除系统中随机和扰动因素的影响,实现高比例可再生能源的安全消纳。并且在多虚拟电厂优化调度模型中,借助Markowitz均值-方差理论,提出利润函数的风险刻画,准确描述不确定性的影响。最后,通过算例分析,说明所提出模型可有效降低决策风险和不确定性因素的影响。     

IgGs-Abzymes from the Sera of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Recognize and Hydrolyze miRNAs

Autoantibodies-abzymes hydrolyzing DNA, myelin basic protein, and oligosaccharides have been revealed in the sera of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In MS, specific microRNAs are found in blood and cerebrospinal fluid, which are characterized by increased expression. Autoantibodies, specifically hydrolyzing four different miRNAs, were first detected in the blood of schizophrenia patients. Here, we present the first evidence that 23 IgG antibodies of MS patients effectively recognize and hydrolyze four neuroregulatory miRNAs (miR-137, miR-9-5p, miR-219-2-3p, and miR-219-5p) and four immunoregulatory miRNAs (miR-21-3p, miR-146a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-326). Several known criteria were checked to show that the recognition and hydrolysis of miRNAs is an intrinsic property of MS IgGs. The hydrolysis of all miRNAs is mostly site-specific. The major and moderate sites of the hydrolysis of each miRNA for most of the IgG preparations coincided; however, some of them showed other specific sites of splitting. Several individual IgGs hydrolyzed some miRNAs almost nonspecifically at nearly all internucleoside bonds or demonstrated a combination of site-specific and nonspecific splitting. Maximum average relative activity (RA) was observed in the hydrolysis of miR-155-5p for IgGs of patients of two types of MS—clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing-remitting MS—but was also high for patients with primary progressive and secondary progressive MS. Differences between RAs of IgGs of four groups of MS patients and healthy donors were statistically significant (p < 0.015). There was a tendency of decreasing efficiency of hydrolysis of all eight miRNAs during remission compared with the exacerbation of the disease.     

Comparison of Repeated Doses of C-kit-Positive Cardiac Cells versus a Single Equivalent Combined Dose in a Murine Model of Chronic Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Using a murine model of chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy caused by an old myocardial infarction (MI), we have previously found that three doses of 1 × 10⁶ c-kit positive cardiac cells (CPCs) are more effective than a single dose of 1 × 10⁶ cells. The goal of this study was to determine whether the beneficial effects of three doses of CPCs (1 × 10⁶ cells each) can be fully replicated by a single combined dose of 3 × 10⁶ CPCs. Mice underwent a 60-min coronary occlusion; after 90 days of reperfusion, they received three echo-guided intraventricular infusions at 5-week intervals: (1) vehicle × 3; (2) one combined dose of CPCs (3 × 10⁶) and vehicle × 2; or (3) three doses of CPCs (1 × 10⁶ each). In the combined-dose group, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) improved after the 1st CPC infusion, but not after the 2nd and 3rd (vehicle) infusions. In contrast, in the multiple-dose group, LVEF increased after each CPC infusion; at the final echo, LVEF averaged 35.2 ± 0.6% (p < 0.001 vs. the vehicle group, 27.3 ± 0.2%). At the end of the study, the total cumulative change in EF from pretreatment values was numerically greater in the multiple-dose group (6.6 ± 0.6%) than in the combined-dose group (4.8 ± 0.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.08). Hemodynamic studies showed that several parameters of LV function in the multiple-dose group were numerically greater than in the combined-dose group (p = 0.08 for the difference in LVEF). Compared with vehicle, cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area was reduced only in the multiple-dose group (−32.7%, 182.6 ± 15.1 µm² vs. 271.5 ± 27.2 µm², p < 0.05, in the risk region and −28.5%, 148.5 ± 12.1 µm² vs. 207.6 ± 20.5 µm², p < 0.05, in the noninfarcted region). LV weight/body weight ratio and LV weight/tibia length ratios were significantly reduced in both cell treated groups vs. the vehicle group, indicating the attenuation of LV hypertrophy; however, the lung weight/body weight ratio was significantly reduced only in the multiple-dose group, suggesting decreased pulmonary congestion. Taken together, these results indicate that in mice with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy, the beneficial effects of three doses of CPCs on LV function and hypertrophy cannot be fully replicated with a single dose, notwithstanding the fact that the total number of cells delivered with one or three doses is the same. Thus, it is the multiplicity of doses, and not the total number of cells, that accounts for the superiority of the repeated-dose paradigm. This study supports the idea that the efficacy of cell therapy in heart failure can be augmented by repeated administrations.     

基于多学习单元卷积神经网络的雷达辐射源信号识别

现有基于人工提取特征的复杂体制雷达辐射源信号识别方法时效性低,识别准确率不佳. 为此,提出了一种基于多学习单元卷积神经网络的识别方法. 首先对辐射源信号的模糊函数进行高斯平滑,以校正噪声带来的毛刺与畸变;然后提取其正交切片作为进一步的特征提取对象;最后构建多学习单元卷积神经网络,学习和提取正交切片深层、泛在的特征,并通过softmax分类器进行分类识别. 仿真实验结果表明,所提方法在信噪比为-2 dB时对6类典型雷达信号的整体平均识别率均保持在99.86%以上,即便是在-6 dB环境中,雷达信号的识别率也可达到88.50%,在极低信噪比条件下具有良好的性能和可行性.