Regulation of Neutrophil Functions by Hv1/VSOP Voltage-Gated Proton Channels

The voltage-gated proton channel, Hv1, also termed VSOP, was discovered in 2006. It has long been suggested that proton transport through voltage-gated proton channels regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytes by counteracting the charge imbalance caused by the activation of NADPH oxidase. Discovery of Hv1/VSOP not only confirmed this process in phagocytes, but also led to the elucidation of novel functions in phagocytes. The compensation of charge by Hv1/VSOP sustains ROS production and is also crucial for promoting Ca²⁺ influx at the plasma membrane. In addition, proton extrusion into neutrophil phagosomes by Hv1/VSOP is necessary to maintain neutral phagosomal pH for the effective killing of bacteria. Contrary to the function of Hv1/VSOP as a positive regulator for ROS generation, it has been revealed that Hv1/VSOP also acts to inhibit ROS production in neutrophils. Hv1/VSOP inhibits hypochlorous acid production by regulating degranulation, leading to reduced inflammation upon fungal infection, and suppresses the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling by inhibiting ROS production. Thus, Hv1/VSOP is a two-way player regulating ROS production. Here, we review the functions of Hv1/VSOP in neutrophils and discuss future perspectives.     

Modulation of Tubular pH by Acetazolamide in a Ca2+ Transport Deficient Mice Facilitates Calcium Nephrolithiasis

Proximal tubular (PT) acidosis, which alkalinizes the urinary filtrate, together with Ca²⁺ supersaturation in PT can induce luminal calcium phosphate (CaP) crystal formation. While such CaP crystals are known to act as a nidus for CaP/calcium oxalate (CaOx) mixed stone formation, the regulation of PT luminal Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]) under elevated pH and/or high [Ca²⁺] conditions are unknown. Since we found that transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) knockout (KO; -/-) mice could produce mild hypercalciuria with CaP urine crystals, we alkalinized the tubular pH in TRPC3-/- mice by oral acetazolamide (0.08%) to develop mixed urinary crystals akin to clinical signs of calcium nephrolithiasis (CaNL). Our ratiometric (λ340/380) intracellular [Ca²⁺] measurements reveal that such alkalization not only upsurges Ca²⁺ influx into PT cells, but the mode of Ca²⁺ entry switches from receptor-operated to store-operated pathway. Electrophysiological experiments show enhanced bicarbonate related current activity in treated PT cells which may determine the stone-forming phenotypes (CaP or CaP/CaOx). Moreover, such alkalization promotes reactive oxygen species generation, and upregulation of calcification, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in PT cells, which were exacerbated in absence of TRPC3. Altogether, the pH-induced alteration of the Ca²⁺ signaling signature in PT cells from TRPC3 ablated mice exacerbated the pathophysiology of mixed urinary stone formation, which may aid in uncovering the downstream mechanism of CaNL.     

煤电煤化工气象适宜度及其应用研究

通过对准东经济技术开发区内煤电煤化工生产企业的调研,得到当地气象条件对露天煤炭开采、火力发电、电解铝、煤化工生产影响的气象敏感要素数据;采用查阅文献和专家座谈等方法,确定影响煤电煤化工生产的气象敏感要素临界值;结合准东地区的气候特征、煤电煤化工生产实际,根据天气预报数据、利用适宜程度判别模型,完成煤电煤化工活动适宜气象等级预报的制作。研究结果表明:降水、大风、夏季高温、冬季低温、雷电、沙尘和雾为影响煤电煤化工生产的主要气象敏感要素;建议根据不同地区、不同煤化工生产活动的实际情况来制定气象适宜度判别指标。     

TRPM7-Mediated Calcium Transport in HAT-7 Ameloblasts

TRPM7 plays an important role in cellular Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ homeostasis. TRPM7 channels are abundantly expressed in ameloblasts and, in the absence of TRPM7, dental enamel is hypomineralized. The potential role of TRPM7 channels in Ca²⁺ transport during amelogenesis was investigated in the HAT-7 rat ameloblast cell line. The cells showed strong TRPM7 mRNA and protein expression. Characteristic TRPM7 transmembrane currents were observed, which increased in the absence of intracellular Mg²⁺ ([Mg²⁺]_i), were reduced by elevated [Mg²⁺]_i, and were inhibited by the TRPM7 inhibitors NS8593 and FTY720. Mibefradil evoked similar currents, which were suppressed by elevated [Mg²⁺]_i, reducing extracellular pH stimulated transmembrane currents, which were inhibited by FTY720. Naltriben and mibefradil both evoked Ca²⁺ influx, which was further enhanced by the acidic intracellular conditions. The SOCE inhibitor BTP2 blocked Ca²⁺ entry induced by naltriben but not by mibefradil. Thus, in HAT-7 cells, TRPM7 may serves both as a potential modulator of Orai-dependent Ca²⁺ uptake and as an independent Ca²⁺ entry pathway sensitive to pH. Therefore, TRPM7 may contribute directly to transepithelial Ca²⁺ transport in amelogenesis.     

IrO2-pH微电极的研制及钢筋/混凝土界面pH的测量

采用电化学阳极氧化和高温碳酸盐氧化两种方法制备 IrO2-pH微电极，其特点是对氢离子响应快、线性范围宽、机械性能好、具有长期稳定性 .考察了该电极的pH响应特性、化学成分、机械性能等.结果表明，这种IrO2-pH微电极 适用于钢筋/混凝土界面pH值的原位测量.     

高pH值污水杀菌剂的研究

介绍了高pH值污水细菌含量状况，研究了高pH值污水细菌生长与抗药性的变化规律，研制出针对高pH值污水应用的高效杀菌剂。     

碳钢在含硫介质中的极化行为

采用原油罐罐底水为介质,测定了不同含硫量、PH值以及不同温度下碳钢的极化曲线,分析了各因素对碳钢极化行为的影响。研究结果表明:碳钢在硫含量大于0.2g·L～（-1）、PH值大于9以及一定电位下处于钝化状态,腐蚀电流小;较高温下将大大加速碳钢的腐蚀。     

Corrosion rate of magnesium and its alloys in buffered chloride solutions

The effect of the buffer capacity of test solution on the corrosion rate of cast pure (>99.95 mass%) and high-purity (>99.9999 mass%) magnesium, and AZ31 and AZ91E has been studied. Their corrosion rates were measured gravimetrically in a pH 6.5 and a pH 9 borate buffer including chloride ions, and in a conventional chloride solution. Except for the AZ91E in the pH 6.5, the corrosion rates of all the examined materials depended solely on the pH of the test solution, although the materials had a variety of purity and alloying elements. Higher buffer capacity probably masked the detrimental effect of the “cathodic impurities”. The corrosion rates measured in the buffers were considered as giving the resistivity of the passive film to anodic reactions. The high-purity magnesium had a fair corrosion resistance even in conventional chloride solution.     

泥煤对镍离子的吸附特性

通过试验不同量泥煤在不同pH溶液中溶液pH的前后变化,不同pH下泥煤吸附镍阳离子后溶液pH变化以及不同pH下溶液紫外吸收变化对比,结果表明泥煤具有一定缓冲性,不能仅以溶液酸度变化来证明泥煤吸附镍离子的机理,泥煤可能以2种方式吸附镍:pH大于4,吸附镍以离子交换为主,pH小于4,以物理吸附为主。     

新型功能高分子材料及其应用

功能高分子是一类具有特殊用途的高分子材料 ,印迹高分子、敏感性水凝胶和固定化酶是三种较有特色的功能高分子材料。该文将对上述三种功能高分子材料以及它们在生化分离、生物催化、物质分析与检测以及药物控制释放中的应用做一介绍 ,同时也对它们的不足和发展前景进行了评述