Perceiving Virtual Geographical Slant: Action Influences Perception.

In 4 experiments, the authors varied the extent and nature of participant movement in a virtual environment to examine the influence of action on estimates of geographical slant. Previous studies showed that people consciously overestimate hill slant but can still accurately guide an action toward the hill (D. R. Proffitt, M. Bhalla, R. Gossweiler, & J. Midgett, 1995). Related studies suggest that one's potential to act may influence perception of slant and that distinct representations may independently inform perceptual and motoric responses. The authors found that in all conditions, perceptual judgments were overestimated and motoric adjustments were more accurate. The virtual environment allowed manipulation of the effort required to walk up simulated hills. Walking with the effort appropriate to the visual slant led to increased perceptual overestimation of slant compared with active walking with the effort appropriate to level ground, while visually guided actions remained accurate. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What does visual agnosia tell us about perceptual organization and its relationship to object perception?

The authors studied 2 patients, S.M. and R.N., to examine perceptual organization and its relationship to object recognition. Both patients had normal, low-level vision and performed simple grouping operations normally but were unable to apprehend a multielement stimulus as a whole. R.N. failed to derive global structure even under optimal stimulus conditions, was less sensitive to grouping by closure, and was more impaired in object recognition than S.M. These findings suggest that perceptual organization involves a multiplicity of processes, some of which are simpler and are instantiated in lower order areas of visual cortex (e.g., collinearity). Other processes are more complex and rely on higher order visual areas (e.g., closure and shape formation). The failure to exploit these latter configural processes adversely affects object recognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

动感论

通过对动感的含义、生成、分类的介绍 ,以及工具动感、机械动感等动感的分析 ,提出加强动感培训在职业技能培训中的重要意义     

A new acoustic perceptual1 model

On the basis of psychological acoustic theories and experiments, this paper proposes an acoustic model which is based on acoustic perceptual feature. Compared with the physiological acoustics based acoustic model, this model is more suitable to represent human’s perceptual features of continuous speech, so it is suitable for recognition of continuous speech.     

Feature sampling in detection: Implications for the measurement of perceptual independence.

The article presents the feature sampling signal detection (FS-SDT) model, an extension of the multivariate signal detection (SDT) model. The FS-SDT model assumes that, because of attentional shifts, different subsets of features are sampled for different presentations of the same multidimensional stimulus. Contrary to the SDT model, the FS-SDT model enables the estimation of pure perceptual effects that are uncontaminated by strategic attention shifts. The consideration of feature sampling in detection and identification opens a new perspective on the problem of measuring, respectively, the separability and integrality of stimulus dimensions. Disregarding feature sampling as a component process in detection and identification usually results in biased estimations of perceptual independence concepts relevant for judgments of whether stimulus dimensions are processed independently. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The reliability of a response measure: Differential recognition-threshold scores.

In studies of perceptual defense where the dependent variable has been differential thresholds for emotionally toned vs. neutral stimulus materials, little attention has been given to the internal consistency of such measures. A study is reported which suggests that the internal consistency may be very low. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Independence and resistance to perceptual field forces.

36 "independents" and 36 "yielders" were selected from the extremes of a distribution of 143 Ss scored on an inventory measure of conformity. While looking at a Necker reversible cube Ss were instructed to keep the perspective in the "up" phase. At random intervals Ss recorded the actual phase perceived. The "independents" had fewer reversals of perspective than the "yielders" (p     

Converging operations for perceptual defense.

Discusses some recent experimental attempts to provide converging operations for a concept of perceptual defense. For present purposes, perceptual defense is defined as a relative failure of perception per se due to the emotional character of the stimulus. Experiments are evaluated and discussed mainly in terms of their ability to eliminate as an explanation the response-bias hypothesis for differential accuracy between neutral and emotional words. In addition, following Blum, a stimulus-effect hypothesis is described and applied; all the experiments discussed require, if differences in accuracy of recognition are to be attributed to perceptual variation, converging operations to eliminate this hypothesis. It is argued as well that the search for converging operations for perceptual defense has implications for methodology in other areas of perception. (20 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dependence on external influence: Correlates in perception, attitudes, and judgment.

The hypothesis that people have a generalized tendency to accept or reject external influence is tested in perceptual and conformity situations, using 53 college males as S's. The results show that S's who are highly influenced by the field in one perceptual test perform similarly in other perceptual tests, conformity measures are not significantly interrelated, and field dependent perceptual behavior is associated with high conformity in other tests, particularly autokinetic and attitude change measures. It is suggested that while perceptual performance reflects central tendencies of the person, his performance in specific conformity situations is subject to greater fluctuation as a result of more peripheral factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)