基于分水岭和区域合并的图像分割算法*

提出一种应用分水岭与区域合并相结合的图像分割算法.本方法首先利用数学形态学分水岭算法对图像进行分割,然后对分割后的图像进行相似区域合并,以减少分水岭方法产生的过分割现象,从而得到较好的分割效果.     

基于拓扑篡改的电力市场虚假数据注入攻击方案

从攻击者的角度出发,在直流状态估计框架下提出了一种基于拓扑篡改的虚假数据注入攻击(FDIA)方案.首先,通过分析攻击后由网络拓扑处理器计算所得拓扑结构与传感器测量结果的一致性以及对比攻击前、后的残差,给出可以躲避拓扑误差处理检测以及残差检测的隐蔽攻击定义;然后,基于上述定义以及攻击向量列空间的隐蔽条件,提出一种FDIA方案,通过求解凸规划问题实现在保证隐蔽性的同时获得最大发电收益;最后,基于标准IEEE 9节点及14节点系统对所提方案的有效性进行验证.结果表明,与现有FDIA方案相比,所提将拓扑篡改与FDIA相结合的攻击方案具有更强的隐蔽性且获利更大.     

铁素体轧制关键技术与机制研究现状

摘要：铁素体轧制是控制精轧过程在铁素体范围内的板带热轧工艺,与传统的“热轧-冷轧-退火”工艺相比,可以实现“以热代冷”,显著节约成本。然而对于一些短流程生产工序,粗轧和精轧之间的高冷速会影响产品的尺寸和组织均匀性,尤其是两相区较宽的低碳钢,更难实现全铁素体区精轧。总结了板带铁素体轧制的相关研究工作,结合各企业铁素体轧制工艺的特点,提出了铁素体轧制工艺参数及组织性能控制目标。围绕铁素体轧制技术应用的几个关键问题展开分析讨论,重点讨论了两相区变形的软化机制及对织构的影响机制,为今后铁素体轧制关键技术的开发提供理论指导。     

填隙Ti2Ni相形成条件的模式识别分析

在多维键参数空间中对填隙Ti_2Ni相化合物的形成条件做模式识别分析,由于前过渡金属原子组成的八面体空穴中填入C,N.O原子使Ti_2Ni结构稳定化,此结构的分布区扩大,邻近的Al_2Cu,MoSi_2结构分布区减小。     

关于贝氏体形核和台阶机制的讨论--与徐祖耀院士等商榷

一些合金固溶化(或淬水)后在预贝氏体(孕育)期内等温淬火(或时效)，既保持高温时形成的晶体缺陷，又产生新的晶体缺陷。母相中由于溶质原子扩散而在缺陷处发生偏聚，则形成贫／富溶质微区，即类拐点(spinoclal—like)分解。当贫溶质微区成分作为Ms，其温度等于或高于等温淬火(或时效)温度时，贝氏体将以马氏体样切变形核，故贝氏体是在溶质原子扩散控制下切变形核。在TEM温台试验中未发现台阶生长机制，界面上巨型台阶是贝氏体增宽(厚)速度差异所致。     

促进我国煤矿区可持续发展的对策探讨

分析了当前我国煤炭资源开发利用中存在的问题,从煤矿区可持续发展的角度提出了一系列战略对策———完善煤矿管理法律体系、加强煤炭地质勘查、发展“清洁”煤炭产业和非煤产业、促进煤矿“三废”和煤系共伴生矿产资源的综合利用、重视生态环境保护和治理等,强调推进煤矿资源的综合、高效利用是实现煤矿区可持续发展的关键。     

含水量对渠道保温板保温耐久性的影响及保温板厚度设计

北方渠道大多使用保温板防止混凝土衬砌受冻胀破坏。在计算保温板厚度时为了降低成本,容易忽略保温板使用过程中受各种因素的影响导致保温效果变差的情况,使混凝土衬砌达不到设计使用年限便提前被破坏。内蒙古河套灌区试验结果表明,由于受酸雨、冻融作用、含水量等因素的影响,保温板保温效果平均每年降低0.9℃,其中受含水量变化的影响最大。经试验测得:聚苯乙烯保温板(EPS)含水量每增加1%,会导致导热系数增大5%。基于多层材料串联热阻叠加原理和热阻等效原理,对保温板厚度计算公式进行完善,并提出相应的铺设方法和施工技术要求。该设计对保温板在季节性冻土区的推广应用具有一定参考价值。     

基于区域生长的多源遥感图像配准

多源遥感图像由于成像设备、所用光谱、拍摄时间等因素的不同,给配准带来极大的困难.尽管已经提出了多种匹配方法,但已有方法一般只能适用于特定的应用环境,开发出更加稳定和适用的配准算法仍然是一个极具挑战性的研究课题.提出一种基于区域生长的配准方法,首先,提取改进后的尺度不变特征,通过全局匹配确定种子点和种子区域并完成变换模型的初始化;然后,运用迭代区域生长和双向匹配策略,得到整个图像的可靠匹配点,从而实现多源遥感图像之间的配准.实验表明,该方法提取的匹配点的数量和正确率均远高于已有方法,能够对存在严重灰度差异的多源遥感图像实现高精度的配准,充分证明了该方法的鲁棒性和适用性.     

Nitrogen use efficiency by maize as affected by a mucuna short fallow and P application in the coastal savanna of West Africa

Maize is the primary food crop grown by farmers in the coastal savanna region of Togo and Benin on degraded (rhodic ferralsols), low in soil K-supplying capacity, and non-degraded (plinthic acrisols) soils. Agronomic trials were conducted during 1999–2002 in southern Togo on both soil types to investigate the impact of N and P fertilization and the introduction of a mucuna short fallow (MSF) on yield, indigenous N supply of the soil, N recovery fraction and internal efficiency of maize. In all plots, an annual basal dose of 100 kg K ha^–1 was applied to the maize crop. Maize and mucuna crop residues were incorporated into the soil during land preparation. Treatment yields were primarily below 80% of CERES-MAIZE simulated weather-defined maize yield potentials, indicating that nutrients were more limiting than weather conditions. On degraded soil (DS), maize yields increased from 0.4 t ha^–1 to 2.8 t ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001, without N or P application, in the absence of MSF, with annual K application and incorporation of maize crop residues. Application of N and P mineral fertilizer resulted in yield gains of 1–1.5 t ha^–1. With MSF, additional yield gains of between 0.5 and 1.0 t ha^–1 were obtained at low N application rates. N supply of the soil increased from 10 to 42 kg ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001 and to 58 kg N ha^–1 with MSF. Application of P resulted in significant improvements in N recovery fraction, and greatest gains were obtained with MSF and P application. MSF did not significantly affect internal N efficiency, which averaged 45 kg grain (kg N uptake)^–1. On non-degraded soils (NDS) and without N or P application, in the absence of MSF, maize yields were about 3 t ha^–1 from 1999 to 2001, with N supply of the soil ranging from 55 to 110 kg N ha^–1. Application of 40 kg P ha^–1 alone resulted in significant maize yield gains of between 1.0 (1999) and 1.5 (2001) t ha^–1. Inclusion of MSF did not significantly improve maize yields and even reduced N recovery fraction as determined in the third cropping year (2001). Results illustrate the importance of site-specific integrated soil fertility management recommendations for the southern regions of Togo and Benin that consider indigenous soil nutrient-supplying capacity and yield potential. On DS, the main nutrients limiting maize growth were N and probably K. On NDS, nutrients limiting growth were mainly N and P. Even on DS rapid gains in productivity can be obtained, with MSF serving as a means to allow farmers with limited financial means to restore the fertility of such soils. MSF cannot be recommended on relatively fertile NDS.     

一种基于边界特征线且特征点可变的二阶非线性离散跟踪微分器及在测速定位系统中的应用

利用状态反推方法确定最速离散二阶系统的线性区域的边界特征线及控制特征线,以相平面上的点及边界曲线、控制线的相对位置按线性规则确定控制量的大小,区分可达区与线性区,并依此构造最速分段线性函数形式的跟踪微分器（Tracking-differentiator,TD）,这种算法可以方便地修改特征点,适应能力强,而且运算中不包含任何根号运算,使得控制综合函数的形式极大简化,有利于工程实现.对正弦信号及方波信号的仿真结果表明了上述结论的合理性.验证了特征点分段线性算法在适当修改特征点后得到的TD,与经典TD以及它的线性近似进行比较,跟踪能力和微分提取能力都得到了较大的提高.应用移动平均算法构成的跟踪微分器组,具有相位补偿功能,适当选取TD参数后,得到了滤波能力强、相位特性良好的滤波器,并应用于基于长定子齿槽检测的永磁电动磁悬浮列车的测速定位系统中.实验结果表明,本文提出的简化TD按相位补偿确定的方案能有效滤除脉冲和扰动等噪声,对过轨道接缝时的畸变信号进行修复,边界容易修改,算法简单有效,实时性强,易于工程实现.