Evaluation of rainfall networks using entropy: II. Application

This paper, the second in the series, applies the entropy approach to space and time evaluation of rainfall networks in Louisiana. The evaluation is made for five sampling intervals: daily, 2-day, weekly, monthly, and yearly, and for two separate seasons. In each case, the best combination of raingages is suggested and the lines of equal information (isoinformation contours) are constructed showing the areas of greater or less information transfer. The isoinformation lines are especially suitable in decisions concerning the expansion of the existing network or deleting the unnecessary raingages.     

Viscous behaviour of glass-forming liquids: a thermodynamic approach

The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the undercooled melts exhibits an important role in the study of nucleation, crystal growth and the glass-forming ability of materials. Several attempts have been made to study the viscous behaviour of the glass-forming melts and these investigations are mainly based on free volume theory as well as on the configurational entropy model. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to correlate the thermodynamic parameters with the viscosity of the glass-forming melts and to study the temperature dependence of the viscosity of undercooled liquids on the basis of the free volume theory as well as on the basis of the configurational entropy model of Adam and Gibbs. The entire study is confined on the expression for thermodynamic parameters reported by the authors recently. The expression obtained has been successfully applied to study the temperature dependence of the viscosity of the metallic, molecular and oxide glass-forming liquids.     

降低陶瓷制品铅溶出量措施的探讨

主要论述了影响彩饰陶瓷制品铅溶出量的因素，并对降低陶瓷制品铅溶出量的途径及措施进行了探讨。     

用测井资料预测储层的润湿性

岩心电性及润湿性实验测量结果表明，润湿性对阿尔奇饱和度指数n有很大影响。通过引入相对润湿指数，发现阿尔奇饱和度指数n的对数与相润湿指数之间存在很好的线性关系，为利用饱和度指数预测储层的润湿性提供了依据。同时使用电磁波传播测井和微球形聚焦电阻率测井求出饱和度指数随地层深度的变化曲线，预测储层的润湿性。现场井资料处理结果表明，该方法能快速直观显示不同深度处储层润湿性的变化。     

Huffman algebras for independent random variables

Based on a rearrangement inequality by Hardy, Littlewood, and Polya, we define two-operator algebras for independent random variables. These algebras are called Huffman algebras since the Huffman algorithm on these algebras produces an optimal binary tree that minimizes the weighted lengths of leaves. Many examples of such algebras are given. For the case with random weights of the leaves, we prove the optimality of the tree constructed by the power-of-2 rule, i.e., the Huffman algorithm assuming identical weights, when the weights of the leaves are independent and identically distributed.     

基于模糊修正熵权TOPSIS的战时装备供应链风险评估

针对战时装备供应链的特点,以远程精确打击、敌特后方袭扰和恶劣天气等三个因素为主要风险指标,运用修正的模糊信息熵权对TOPSIS法进行改进,提出了一种新的战时装备供应链风险评估方法。首先利用原始数据产生的模糊信息熵权进行客观赋权,并引入专家因素对权重进行主观修正,利用逼近理想解排序方法进行运算,最后通过实例计算与分析,验证该评估方法简便易行,结论合理,有效降低了指挥员决策的主观随意性。     

DCKPDP：改进k-prototype聚类的差分隐私混合属性数据发布方法

当前混合属性数据发布中隐私保护方法大多存在隐私保护效果不佳或数据效用较差的问题,采用差分隐私与优化的k-prototype聚类方法相结合,提出改进k-prototype聚类的差分隐私混合属性数据发布方法(DCKPDP)。为解决传统k-prototype聚类算法没有考虑不同数值型属性对聚类结果有较大影响的问题,利用信息熵为每个数值型属性添加属性权重;为解决聚类初始中心点人为规定或者由随机算法随机确定,导致聚类结果精确度不高的问题,结合数据对象的局部密度和高密度对聚类过程中初始中心点进行自适应选择;为解决数据信息泄露风险较高的问题,对聚类中心值进行差分隐私保护。实验结果表明,DCKPDP算法满足差分隐私保护所需的噪声量更小,数据的可用性更好。     

基于生态位理论的黄河流域用水结构分析

为分析和探究黄河流域用水结构的变化特征,科学支撑流域水资源合理配置与调度,保障流域可持续发展,以黄河流域为研究对象,基于生态位理论构建了用水结构生态位及其熵值模型,分析了流域及流域内主要省区用水结构演变趋势和特征,并与发达国家用水特征作比较。在此基础上提出了相关建议。结果表明:黄河流域的农业用水生态位(0.7～0.78)最大但呈现波动减少趋势,工业用水生态位(0.12～0.15)次之且变化趋势为波动且有所下降,生活用水生态位(0.06～0.08)与城镇公共及生态用水生态位(0.03～0.09)相对较少但皆有不同程度的增长趋势。各省区的生态位熵值差异较大,表明流域及各省区间用水结构差异较大。统计年间宁夏、内蒙古及山东的农业用水占有率高于全流域,陕西、山西、河南及甘肃的工业用水占有率高于全流域,各省区城镇公共及生态用水的占有率变化剧烈,陕西、山西及河南的生活用水占有率高于全流域。相较于黄河流域,美国的工业用水(0.42～0.52)在用水结构中的优势更加突出,农业用水(0.31～0.44)相对处于劣势地位;两个区域生活用水在用水结构中的地位相对其他的用水类型更为接近。     

海绵城市低影响开发措施综合效益评价体系及应用

为对低影响开发(LID)措施综合效益进行量化评价,综合考虑生态、经济及社会等因素,选取径流量削减率、污染物削减率、成本投资、运行效益、雨水利用、生态价值等16项LID措施评价指标,采用层次分析法和熵权法确定指标权重,基于云模型构建了LID措施综合效益评价体系。将评价体系应用于南京一住宅小区的4个LID措施初步设计方案量化评价,结果显示,功效最大型方案截污减排效益最优,社会效益良好,对于“较优”的隶属度最大,为最优方案。