Global optimum of microstructure parameters in the CMWP line-profile-analysis method by combining Marquardt-Levenberg and Monte-Carlo procedures

Line profile analysis of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns is a powerful tool for determining the microstructure of crystalline materials. The Convolutional-Multiple-Whole-Profile (CMWP) procedure is based on physical profile functions for dislocations, domain size, stacking faults and twin boundaries. Order dependence, strain anisotropy, hkl dependent broadening of planar defects and peak shape are used to separate the effect of different lattice defect types. The Marquardt-Levenberg (ML) numerical optimization procedure has been used successfully to determine crystal defect types and densities. However, in more complex cases like hexagonal materials or multiple phases the ML procedure alone reveals uncertainties. In a new approach the ML and a Monte-Carlo statistical method are combined in an alternative manner. The new CMWP procedure eliminates uncertainties and provides globally optimized parameters of the microstructure.     

A new methodology for Bayesian history matching using parallel interacting Markov chain Monte Carlo

This paper presents an innovative application of a new class of parallel interacting Markov chains Monte Carlo to solve the Bayesian history matching (BHM) problem. BHM consists of sampling a posterior distribution given by the Bayesian theorem. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is well suited for sampling, in principle, any type of distribution; however the number of iteration required by the traditional single-chain MCMC can be prohibitive in BHM applications. Furthermore, history matching is typically a highly nonlinear inverse problem, which leads in very complex posterior distributions, characterized by many separated modes. Therefore, single chain can be trapped into a local mode. Parallel interacting chains is an interesting way to overcome this problem, as shown in this paper. In addition, we presented new approaches to define starting points for the parallel chains. For validation purposes, the proposed methodology is firstly applied in a simple but challenging cross section reservoir model with many modes in the posterior distribution. Afterwards, the application to a realistic case integrated to geostatistical modelling is also presented. The results showed that the combination of parallel interacting chain with the capabilities of distributed computing commonly available nowadays is very promising to solve the BHM problem.     

基于序列图像的小型无人机姿态快速估计方法与实验

为自主、精确地获得无人机的飞行姿态,文章研究并提出了一种利用无人机系统搭载的摄像机获取的序列图像来快速获得小型无人机飞行姿态的方法;该方法首先应用SIFT算法,通过多线程并行处理提取相邻图像特征点,然后依据设计的变换模型由匹配的特征点估计出帧间图像变换参数,并利用RANSAC算法剔除错误点,最终解算出机载平台的姿态角变化量;最后通过比较实验测得的姿态数据与实际姿态数据,证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于HALCON的板料成形网格应变测量系统的实现

随着计算机技术和信息技术的发展,视觉检测技术被引入到板料成形应变测量中。通过基于先进的图像处理软件HALCON,利用双目立体视觉原理,对摄像机进行标定,以获取摄像机的内外参数,并分析图像数量对标定准确度的影响。利用视差原理获得匹配点的三维坐标,根据圆形网格变形后的椭圆长短轴的长度变化,计算真实应变,并分析匹配误差对三维重建的影响,用OpenGL语言将应变可视化;在VC6.0下调用HALCON的算子库编程实现板料成形网格应变测量系统,实验证明该系统在速度、准确度方面能够达到测量要求。     

基于FFT-OMP-DAMAS波束形成方法的汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位识别

为实现汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位的准确识别,文章提出了基于快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)和正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP)的反卷积(Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sourc‐es,DAMAS)波束形成方法(FFT-OMP-DAMAS)。该方法基于声源稀疏分布假设,利用正交匹配追踪思想求解反卷积问题,并进一步结合傅里叶变换和点扩散函数空间转移不变假设降低计算维度。在混响室-消声室内,分别利用延迟求和方法,DAMAS方法和FFT-OMP-DAMAS方法进行了某汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位识别试验,结果表明：FFTOMP-DAMAS方法能够有效抑制旁瓣和伪源,有效缩减主瓣宽度,从而准确识别汽车前围板隔声薄弱部位,且相较于传统的DAMAS方法,文中提出的FFT-OMP-DAMAS方法能获得更清晰的成像结果,计算效率有了明显提高。     

Quantum Inspired Broadband Photonic Absorber: Potential Application as Solar Sail along with Mobility Analysis

Electromagnetic wideband absorption is still perceived as a critical and formidable challenge to address with an unambiguous photonic absorber. Subwavelength metamaterial (MM) unit cells with unique and controlled features have recently gained considerable interest. However, meta-atoms, generated using a quantum-inspired pattern distribution, are underwhelming in existing literature to design photonic absorbers and their potential application to manufacture solar sails is still quite uncommon. In this article, to create a flexible, polarization-insensitive, ultrathin, and broadband MM absorber, quantum interference pattern-inspired design is utilized. Herein, a novel approach to fabricating solar sails for the space exploration incorporates the proposed broadband photonic absorber rather than conventional reflectors. The quantum-inspired meta-absorber (QIMA) exhibits an absorption of over 91% for the visible domain, i.e., 380–800 nm under a conventional plane-polarized source. It is shown in the study that broadband absorbers are almost equivalent to excellent reflectors to design the solar sails in terms of the time-averaged force calculated by utilizing the Maxwell stress tensor method. Thus, the QIMA has the potential to be a viable alternative to reflectors in the design of futuristic solar sails for space exploration. The interference theory model is also utilized to assure the dependability of calculated data, and additionally, the standard AM1.5 solar spectrum is utilized to demonstrate the QIMA's solar-harvesting potentiality.     

一种用于立体匹配的改进的神经网络方法

实现了一种用于静态视觉立体匹配的神经网络方法。文献［１］提出了一种用于静态体视匹配的神经网络方案,其方案用于随机点图对时存在严重的缺陷。针对随机点图对的特点,对神经网络的偏置输入进行了修正,改进的神经网络能够有效地提取随机点图对中的立体深度信息。为了进一步提高收敛速度和平滑边缘特征,又在偏置输入中引入射线特征,改进了神经元的初始化。在工作站上进行的大量实验模拟表明,我们所做的改进提高了网络的迭代速度和视差图的边缘特征平滑性。     

冲击式机组动能参数在线监测

鉴于冲击式水轮机结构上的特殊性,其流量效率等动能参数在线监测目前在国内还是项空白,针对冲击式机组的具体情况,探讨了基于压差理论的监测途径,在此基础上结合一个冲击式电站的实例,设计出了利用单片机来实现的方案．     

坝基设有截水墙的均质土坝渗流计算新探——赤田水库主坝坝体渗流观测资料分析

根据赤田水库主坝的实测资料,分析得到该坝型浸润线的经验计算公式及其作图方法．