Testing mixture models of transitive preference: Comment on Regenwetter, Dana, and Davis-Stober (2011).

This article contrasts 2 approaches to analyzing transitivity of preference and other behavioral properties in choice data. The approach of Regenwetter, Dana, and Davis-Stober (see record 2011-00732-003) assumes that on each choice, a decision maker samples randomly from a mixture of preference orders to determine whether A is preferred to B. In contrast, Birnbaum and Gutierrez (2007) assumed that within each block of trials, the decision maker has a true set of preferences and that random errors generate variability of response. In this latter approach, preferences are allowed to differ between people; within-person, they might differ between repetition blocks. Both approaches allow mixtures of preferences, both assume a type of independence, and both yield statistical tests. They differ with respect to the locus of independence in the data. The approaches also differ in the criterion for assessing the success of the models. Regenwetter et al. fitted only marginal choice proportions and assumed that choices are independent, which means that a mixture cannot be identified from the data. Birnbaum and Gutierrez fitted choice combinations with replications; their approach allows estimation of the probabilities in the mixture. It is suggested that researchers should separate tests of the stochastic model from the test of transitivity. Evidence testing independence and stationarity assumptions is presented. Available data appear to fit the assumption that errors are independent better than they fit the assumption that choices are independent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于多项式主观逻辑的扩展信任传播模型

为了提高信任评价的准确性和主观逻辑的适用性,提出了基于多项式主观逻辑的扩展信任传播模型,该模型由信任融合和信任传递2部分组成。基于信誉的多项式观点的融合方法考虑信誉与观察环境对融合操作的影响,提高了信任评价的准确性,更符合人的直觉评判;信任传递把多项式观点的传递理解为传递过程是二项逻辑观点,而传递信息是多项式观点,给出了多项式观点的信任传递公式,并对相关定理进行了证明。最后,通过实例分析验证了模型的准确性和适应性。     

证据信任模型中的信任传递与聚合研究

现有信任模型在信任传递和聚合方面存在一定的不足:首先是信任传递过程中缺少对直接推荐实体的反馈信任度的有效度量;其次是信任聚合过程中因缺少对推荐链之间依赖关系的有效处理而存在推荐信息的损耗或重复计算等问题。为了解决这些问题,提出了一种新的证据信任模型,结合D-S证据理论和图论方法有效解决了信任传递的可靠性和信任聚合的准确性等问题。仿真实验表明,与已有模型相比,所提模型具有更强的抑制各种策略欺骗及共谋行为的能力,在信任度量准确性方面也有较大提高。     

Instruction wording and the transitivity of comparative judgments.

In the construction of devices for assessing attitudes and opinions, questions pertaining to item form, instruction wording, and scoring were investigated. 30 student Ss were asked to make judgments about national group names with respect to desirability as classmates, social and fraternal group members, and as dormitory roommates. "The judgment data were analyzed… to determine the number of violations of transitivity observed under the three instruction conditions. The results indicated that there were no significant differences noted among the three groups." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Dependent Type System with Subtyping (I)Type Level Transitivity Elimination

Dependent type systems are the basis of many proof development environments.In Aspinall and Compagnoni‘s paper,a system λP≤is proposed as a subtyping extension of the first order dependent type system λP（also called λП）.λP≤has nice meta-theoretic properties including subject reduction and decidability.In this article,we give a reformulation of λP≤，called λП≤.The advantages of λП≤include:type level transitivity elimination propery and pretype-based subtyping system.These features considerably facilitate the meta-theoretical study and further extensions of this system.     

试析小句的及物性和描写文的语言特征

语篇产生于三大纯理功能所构成的意义潜势系统,并在一定的语境中将语义系统现实化。依据Halliday语言功能和情景语境理论,对D.H.劳伦斯的一篇描写文进行小句的及物性分析,借此总结描写文的基本语言特征,即描写文的客观性描述阶段常用物质过程和关系过程的小句;主观感受的描述常用心理过程的小句。     

The network motif architecture of dominance hierarchies

The widespread existence of dominance hierarchies has been a central puzzle in social evolution, yet we lack a framework for synthesizing the vast empirical data on hierarchy structure in animal groups. We applied network motif analysis to compare the structures of dominance networks from data published over the past 80 years. Overall patterns of dominance relations, including some aspects of non-interactions, were strikingly similar across disparate group types. For example, nearly all groups exhibited high frequencies of transitive triads, whereas cycles were very rare. Moreover, pass-along triads were rare, and double-dominant triads were common in most groups. These patterns did not vary in any systematic way across taxa, study settings (captive or wild) or group size. Two factors significantly affected network motif structure: the proportion of dyads that were observed to interact and the interaction rates of the top-ranked individuals. Thus, study design (i.e. how many interactions were observed) and the behaviour of key individuals in the group could explain much of the variations we see in social hierarchies across animals. Our findings confirm the ubiquity of dominance hierarchies across all animal systems, and demonstrate that network analysis provides new avenues for comparative analyses of social hierarchies.     

复合动力系统

采用分析法研究了拓扑动力系统（X,f°g）的动力性状与拓扑动力系统（X,f）及（X,g）的动力性状之间的关系,结果表明,若,是拓扑传递、拓扑混合、拓扑强传递和初值敏感依赖的,且g满足一定条件,则f°g相应地也是拓扑传递、拓扑混合、拓扑强传递和初值敏感依赖的．通过对（X,f）的动力性状和（X,g）的动力性状的研究,可以刻画出（X,f°g）的某些动力性状．     

模糊优越关系传递性的简化证明

给出了模糊优越关系的一个新证明．同时,指出了模糊预序关系的一个很强的基本性质,这个性质对于理解自反性和传递性是十分必要的．     

基于J(o)sang信任模型的信任传递与聚合研究

研究当前信任管理中的信任传递与信任聚合问题,提出了信任传递与信任聚合应遵循的规则.以J(o)sang信任模型为例,分析其信任传递与聚合方法的不足,进而提出了新的信任传递方法和信任聚合方法.分别通过实验和例子与J(o)sang的信任传递和聚合方法进行了对比,结果表明,新信任传递方法更具一般性,而新信任聚合方法更满足信任聚合的规则.

Abstract：

Trust transitivity and aggregation of trust management are studied, and trust transitivity and aggregation rules are presented. Shortcomings of trust transitivity and trust aggregation methods in J(o)sang' s trust model are presented. A new trust transitivity approach is proposed for trust transitivity, and an approach is provided for trust aggregation. By the experiments and examples of the comparision of J(o)sang's approach and aggregation method, the new trust transitivity approach is more general, and the new trust aggregation approach satisfies the rules of trust aggregation.