自适应残差图像的分数阶全变分去噪算法

目的 全变分（TV）去噪模型具有较好的去噪效果,但对于图像的弱边缘和纹理细节的保持不够理想。自适应分数阶全变分（AFTV）模型根据图像局部信息,区分图像的纹理区域和非纹理区域,自适应计算投影算法中的软阈值,可较好地保持图像的弱边缘和纹理细节,但该方法当噪声增大时“阶梯”效应比较明显,弱边缘和纹理细节保持效果不够理想。针对该问题,提出一种改进的分数阶全变分去噪算法。方法 该算法在计算残差图像时,用分数阶全变分模型替代整数一阶全变分模型,并根据较精确的残差图像的局部方差区分图像纹理区域和平坦区域,使保真项参数的自适应选取更加合理,提高了算法的去噪性能。结果 针对3种不同类型的噪声图像,将本文模型与TV模型和AFTV模型进行对比实验,并采用峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）评定去噪效果和纹理保持能力。对于高斯噪声图像,本文算法在PSNR方面比TV模型和AFTV模型分别可平均提高2.72 dB和1.38 dB,SSIM分别可平均提高0.047和0.020。对于椒盐噪声图像,本文算法结合中值滤波算法在PSNR和SSIM方面比传统中值滤波算法分别可平均提高1.308 dB和0.011。对于泊松噪声图像,本文算法在PSNR、SSIM方面与AFTV较接近,比TV分别可提高1.59 dB和0.005。结论 通过对添加不同类型的噪声图像进行实验,结果表明提出的算法在去噪性能上与TV和AFTV相比均有较大提高,尤其对于噪声较大的图像效果更为显著,在去噪效率上与AFTV的时间复杂度相当,时耗接近略有降低。且本文算法普适性较好,能有效去除多种典型类型的噪声。     

磁阻型弱磁传感器特性自动测试系统

随着磁阻型弱磁传感器的深入研究和广泛应用,方便、快速的测量传感器低频噪声、灵敏度、非线性等特性已成为研究其低频弱磁场测量能力的基础。设计开发了一套弱磁传感器特性自动测试系统,其自身的噪声平方根谱密度小于槡5 nV/Hz(在10kHz)。它包括亥姆霍兹线圈、惠斯登电桥和低噪声放大器、磁屏蔽桶、高精度数据采集卡和PC等硬件模块,采用互相关功率谱分析方法得到传感器低频噪声,通过传感器输入输出特性曲线得到其灵敏度和非线性等参数。利用该系统对商业化巨磁阻传感器AA002进行了测试,得到其在6 V供电时噪声平方根普密度约为槡10 nV/Hz(在10 kHz),线性范围内的灵敏度为3.35 mV/(G.V-1)。结果表明该系统为研究和分析磁阻型弱磁传感器的特性提供了一种有效的检测手段。     

基于动态采样的锁相放大微弱信号检测

摘要：基于相关检测原理设计了一种数字锁相放大器,重点研究了采样频率与相关运算结果的关系。发现参考信号为方波而采样频率与信号频率成一定关系时,系统相关运算存在固有误差。为减少该误差,首次将动态采样法引入数字锁相放大器设计中,运算发现动态采样的采样频率数越多,奇点产生的误差越少。基于LabVIEW软件对所设计的检测系统进行了仿真测试,测试结果表明该数字锁定放大器在信号幅度为5V、噪声标准差小于等于50时（SNR=-34.04dB）,能有效地检测出频率为500KHz以下的信号,系统检测结果与理论计算值的相对误差基本不超过2%。     

基于传感器微弱电流矢量检测电路的设计

该文通过对锁相放大电路设计原理和相敏检波相关性原理的研究,针对当前微/纳传感器信号小、频率高、测量难的特点,采用了双相锁相放大技术,克服了目前仪器昂贵、体积大和芯片不能直接测试电流的缺点,设计了能够应用于传感器微弱电流矢量检测的电路.该电路具有小型、简单、无需调相的特点,电流测量范围:0.61nA～50nA,频带:20kHz～40kHz,阈值为0.61nA,测量精度为0.19nA,相位测量精度为0.89°,能够实现ZnO纳米线传感器微弱电流幅值和相位删量的要求.     

Monoid-labeled transition systems

Given a -complete (semi)lattice , we consider -labeled transition systems as coalgebras of a functor ⁽⁻⁾, associating with a set X the set ^X of all -fuzzy subsets. We describe simulations and bisimulations of -coalgebras to show that L⁽⁻⁾ weakly preserves nonempty kernel pairs iff it weakly preserves nonempty pullbacks iff L is join infinitely distributive (JID).Exchanging for a commutative monoid , we consider the functor ⁽⁻⁾_ω which associates with a set X all finite multisets containing elements of X with multiplicities m M. The corresponding functor weakly preserves nonempty pullbacks along injectives iff 0 is the only invertible element of , and it preserves nonempty kernel pairs iff is refinable, in the sense that two sum representations of the same value, r₁ + … + r_m = c₁ + … + c_n, have a common refinement matrix (m_{(i, j)}) whose k-th row sums to r_k and whose l-th column sums to c_l for any 1≤ k ≤ m and 1 ≤ l ≤ n.     

吸引子键波在弱信号检测中的应用研究

分析了Duffing方程的基本形式,阐述了基于混沌信号相平面变化进行弱信号检测的工作原理,分析了蔡氏电路中混沌吸引子的键波及螺旋表示方法,设计了一个基于Chua电路键波同步系统;通过实验给出了混沌键波同步系统在在弱信号检测的应用,解决了目前利用混沌检测弱信号中存在的两个关键问题,为混沌键波同步系统在弱信号中的实际应用奠定了一定的基础。     

Low-temperature magnetic and electromagnetic studies of Y-Ba-Cu-O: Agx Ceramic superconductor

Magnetization and magnetic relaxation measurements have been studied at 4.2 K on YBa₂Cu₃O_7–:Ag _x (x=0 to 1.2) superconducting samples prepared by a coprecipritation technique. Remanent magnetization and hysteresis loops were found to be increased on Ag addition. Transport current density (J _c) was enhanced with the addition of Ag concentration. Flux creep rate was also increased with increase in Ag addition resulting in stronger pinning potential. Microwave-induced d.c. voltage measurements show a reduction of weak links with increase in Ag concentration. The enhancement of transportT _c is attributed to the stronger Josephson current paths due to the reduction of the total number of weak links after Ag addition.     

弱信号检测实验仪设计

分析了噪声产生的原因以及被测信号特点,利用信号与噪声不同的统计特征和规律来检测被噪声淹没的微弱信号。设计了多功能信号源、宽带相移器、相关器、同步积分器及多点信号平均器电路。     

On local convergence of a Newton-type method in Banach space

In this study we are concerned with the local convergence of a Newton-type method introduced by us [I.K. Argyros and D. Chen, On the midpoint iterative method for solving nonlinear equations in Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Lett. 5 (1992), pp. 7–9.] for approximating a solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space setting. This method has also been studied by Homeier [H.H.H. Homeier, A modified Newton method for rootfinding with cubic convergence, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 157 (2003), pp. 227–230.] and Özban [A.Y. Özban, Some new variants of Newton's method, Appl. Math. Lett. 17 (2004), pp. 677–682.] in real or complex space. The benefits of using this method over other methods using the same information have been explained in [I.K. Argyros, Computational theory of iterative methods, in Studies in Computational Mathematics, Vol. 15, C.K. Chui and L. Wuytack, eds., Elsevier Science Inc., New York, USA, 2007.; I.K. Argyros and D. Chen, On the midpoint iterative method for solving nonlinear equations in Banach spaces, Appl. Math. Lett. 5 (1992), pp. 7–9.; H.H.H. Homeier, A modified Newton method for rootfinding with cubic convergence, J. Comput. Appl. Math. 157 (2003), pp. 227–230.; A.Y. Özban, Some new variants of Newton's method, Appl. Math. Lett. 17 (2004), pp. 677–682.]. Here, we give the convergence radii for this method under a type of weak Lipschitz conditions proven to be fruitful by Wang in the case of Newton's method [X. Wang, Convergence of Newton's method and inverse function in Banach space, Math. Comput. 68 (1999), pp. 169–186 and X. Wang, Convergence of Newton's method and uniqueness of the solution of equations in Banach space, IMA J. Numer. Anal. 20 (2000), pp. 123–134.]. Numerical examples are also provided.     

一类拟线性椭圆型方程弱解P-指标的稳定性

该文利用拟线性椭圆型方程弱解梯度的一致估计,在区域Ω的边界满足一致p-厚的条件下,使用一致p-厚的边界Sobolev不等式,Hlder不等式和Young不等式,得到了此类方程弱解关于p-指标的稳定性。