视频分享网站使用过滤技术后避风港原则之适用——基于技术与制度双赢视角的分析

随着网络技术的不断进步,对视频分享网站侵权作品进行过滤的新技术出现。从网络存储服务商的性质和运营模式等角度看,视频分享网站不应拒绝使用这种新技术。从避风港原则设置的立法初衷和价值取向出发,围绕新的网络技术会引发的法律问题,探讨避风港原则在未来新的技术环境下的适用、改进以及未来网络技术发展与法律规则调整良性互动的发展趋势。     

Analysing legal status of electronic agents in contracting through interactive websites: comparative study of American,English and EU laws developing Iranian legal system

In the modern world, electronic communications play a significant role in national and international electronic transactions. This issue has forced all legal systems to face up to many emerging legal problems in the context of electronic communications, such as the legal status of electronic agents in contracting electronically. Regarding the legal validity of e-contracts made through interactive websites, the legal status of electronic agents which play an important role in this process is questionable to see whether they are akin to real agents in the physical world or they are only a mere tool of communication. The current article tries to analyse this question by criticising a number of theories and some others based on the technical nature of the Internet, the traditional legal rules and principles and the UNCITRAL regulations on e-commerce and also the statues of American, English and EU laws on e-commerce to develop Iranian legal system.     

E-recruitment and the benefits of organizational web appeal

This study examined the influences of website design on prospective job seekers. A total of 182 participants accessed and reviewed an online job ad. Afterwards, they rated: (a) the attractiveness of the ad’s formatting, (b) the usability of the website, (c) overall evaluations of the organization’s web appeal, (d) impressions of the organization, and (e) willingness to pursue employment with the hiring organization. Although both the formatting attractiveness and usability of online recruitment materials influenced participants’ inclinations to pursue jobs, formatting was more important than usability. Moreover, impressions of the employer mediated the relationship between satisfaction with the website and willingness to pursue employment with the organization. Overall, this research advances knowledge by applying signaling theory to the web-based recruitment domain and by testing a mediated relationship implied therein. In addition, this is the first study to introduce relative weights analysis to the recruitment literature.     

Empirical study of the dynamic behavior of JavaScript objects

Despite the popularity of JavaScript for client‐side web applications, there is a lack of effective software tools supporting JavaScript development and testing. The dynamic characteristics of JavaScript pose software engineering challenges such as program understanding and security. One important feature of JavaScript is that its objects support flexible mechanisms such as property changes at runtime and prototype‐based inheritance, making it difficult to reason about object behavior. We have performed an empirical study on real JavaScript applications to understand the dynamic behavior of JavaScript objects. We present metrics to measure behavior of JavaScript objects during execution (e.g., operations associated with an object, object size, and property type changes). We also investigated the behavioral patterns of observed objects to understand the coding or user interaction practices in JavaScript software. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于HITS算法的双语句对挖掘优化方法

识别和定位特定领域双语网站,是基于Web自动构建特定领域双语语料库的关键。然而,特定领域双语网站之间的句对质量往往差异较大。相对于原有基于句对文本特征识别过滤质量较差句对的方法。该文从句对的来源(即特定领域双语网站)出发,依据领域权威性高的网站往往蕴含高质量平行句对这一假设,提出一种基于HITS算法的双语句对挖掘优化方法。该方法通过网站之间的链接信息建立有向图模型,利用HITS算法度量网站的权威性,在此基础上,仅从权威性高的网站中抽取双语句对,用于训练特定领域机器翻译系统。该文以教育领域为目标,验证“领域权威性高的网站蕴含高质量句对”假设的可行性。实验结果表明,利用该文所提方法挖掘双语句对训练的翻译系统,相比于基准系统,其平均性能提升0.44个BLEU值。此外,针对HITS算法存在的“主题偏离”问题,该文提出基于GHITS的改进算法。结果显示,基于GHITS算法改进的机器翻译系统,其性能继续提升0.40个BLEU值。     

Accessibility levels of Portuguese enterprise websites: equal opportunities for all?

Web accessibility is growing in importance. We may also find an increasing need for access to web resources by those with some sort of disability. The Web is very important for spreading information and for promoting interaction between the various elements in society. Given this, it is essential that the Web presents itself as a totally accessible resource, so that it can help citizens with disabilities and their integration in society. This obligation should be even greater for enterprises as primarily the Web is used as a marketing and business platform. With this document, we present indicators regarding the [lack of] accessibility levels of Portuguese enterprise websites. This article contains theoretical and background considerations as well as the results of two different studies that the research team undertook. First of all, the research team made a comparison between the 1000 largest Portuguese enterprises (annual sales volume) and the 1000 best Portuguese small and medium enterprises (sales growth and profit) using a specialised software tool and according to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 1.0; the research team then also considered WCAG 2.0 and its impact on enterprise Web accessibility. In the second study (qualitative in nature), focus group interactions led to a set of recommendations towards greater accessibility.     

钓鱼网站的鉴别方法与防范策略研究

文章从钓鱼网站的种类和传播途径入手,重点分析了钓鱼网站的鉴别方法和防范措施,最后指出了打击钓鱼网站的难度.     

On Using a Warehouse to Analyze Web Logs

Analyzing Web Logs for usage and access trends can not only provide important information to web site developers and administrators, but also help in creating adaptive web sites. While there are many existing tools that generate fixed reports from web logs, they typically do not allow ad-hoc analysis queries. Moreover, such tools cannot discover hidden patterns of access embedded in the access logs. We describe a relational OLAP (ROLAP) approach for creating a web-log warehouse. This is populated both from web logs, as well as the results of mining web logs. We discuss the design criteria that influenced our choice of dimensions, facts and data granularity. A web based ad-hoc tool for analytic queries on the warehouse was developed. We present some of the performance specific experiments that we performed on our warehouse.     

Reading to make a decision or to reduce cognitive dissonance? The effect of selecting and reading online reviews from a post-decision context

This research challenges the presumption that reading online reviews solely affect reader attitudes toward a prospective decision. Instead, readers may strategically select and read reviews after a decision. This research advances and tests hypotheses proposing that: (1) post-decision readers select decision-supportive reviews earlier and more frequently; and (2) the reviews they read affect the subsequent cognitive dissonance they experienced. Two studies employed an original post-decision experiment and demonstrated that readers expressed biased review selection. Interestingly, the reviews they read affected and increased their cognitive dissonance. The findings contributed to understanding the complex dynamic of online reviews in a post-decision context.     

A new fast associative classification algorithm for detecting phishing websites

Associative classification (AC) is a new, effective supervised learning approach that aims to predict unseen instances. AC effectively integrates association rule mining and classification, and produces more accurate results than other traditional data mining classification algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new AC algorithm called the Fast Associative Classification Algorithm (FACA). We investigate our proposed algorithm against four well-known AC algorithms (CBA, CMAR, MCAR, and ECAR) on real-world phishing datasets. The bases of the investigation in our experiments are classification accuracy and the F1 evaluation measures. The results indicate that FACA is very successful with regard to the F1 evaluation measure compared with the other four well-known algorithms (CBA, CMAR, MCAR, and ECAR). The FACA also outperformed the other four AC algorithms with regard to the accuracy evaluation measure.