A friction energy approach to quantifying lubrication under fretting sliding

The problem of a proper lubrication under low‐speed small oscillatory movement can be a decisive factor for the reliability of various components. There is a need to characterise the lubricious behaviour of the interface under oil‐bath fretting wear conditions for ball bearing applications. Fast and reliable methods to quantify this behaviour for broad range of mechanical conditions are proposed and validated. Pure sliding reciprocation induces mixed lubrication mode. It was found that transient film profiles depend on the non‐Newtonian response of the oils and the type of motion. Running‐in period has a crucial importance for the tribofilm formation, and is a result of the interplay of the oil‐sliding surfaces interface and is directly connected with the total energy dissipated from the contact region. The stability of structured tribofilm in steady‐state period relies on the balance between the competitive processes: replenishment of the oil to the contact and ejection of the oil pending the oscillatory movement. The phenomenon of starvation was observed when the system was moved away from dynamical equilibrium and the growth of the dissipated energy was spotted. A proposed methodology provides the evaluation of the lubrication properties of the oil in a quantitative way. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CENTA膜片联轴器的结构特徵

多年来应用证明了CENTA膜片联轴器设计的可靠性,它具有高柔性、线性特性低反作用力,两膜片由于可调整其联接外径非刚性夹紧故膜片在不对中情况内应力小.本文主要介绍这种联轴器的结构和有关参数.     

25CrNi2MoV钢的微动磨损性能

采用微动摩擦磨损试验机在干摩擦条件下对新型高速重载传动轴用25CrNi2MoV钢进行微动磨损试验,研究了不同载荷(50~200N)和频率(15~30Hz)下该钢的微动磨损性能。结果表明:在频率为20Hz条件下,当载荷由50N增至200N时,25CrNi2MoV钢的平均摩擦因数由0.766减至0.661,磨损体积由19.65×10^-3 mm^3增至75.83×10^-3 mm^3;在载荷为30N条件下,当频率由15Hz增至30Hz时,平均摩擦因数由0.790增至0.905,磨损体积由11.43×10^-3 mm^3增至23.88×10^-3 mm^3;在不同试验参数下,25CrNi2MoV钢磨损表面均出现了氧化和犁沟现象,磨损机制包含氧化磨损和磨粒磨损;在频率为20Hz条件下,载荷为50,100N时,25CrNi2MoV钢的磨损机制以黏着磨损为主,载荷为150,200N时,主要磨损机制为疲劳磨损;在载荷为30N条件下,频率为15~25Hz时,磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,当频率增至30Hz时,磨损机制以疲劳磨损为主。     

扭转参数对铜合金接触线扭转圈数影响研究

铜合金接触线在安装、使用等过程中不可避免存在扭转现象,不同的扭转参数对铜合金接触线的最大扭转圈数存在一定影响。本文通过扭转试验研究了扭转速度、张力以及扭转方向等参数对CTMH150接触线扭转圈数的影响,并分析了扭矩与扭转圈数的关系。研究发现,铜合金接触线的扭转圈数随着扭转速度、张力的增大先降低再增加,均存在一个转换点；双向扭转过程中的扭矩圈数大于单向扭转。此外,接触线的扭矩与扭转圈数成线性相关性。     

烟炱对电接触磨损的影响

选用常见的铜作为电接触材料,将烟炱溶液喷洒于试样表面,进行不同载荷下的电接触微动试验,用3D形貌仪和SEM对磨痕形貌进行分析。结果表明:载荷对材料的电接触性能影响显著,接触电阻与法向载荷成反比,即增加载荷可改善摩擦副的电接触性能;接触区域的有效导电面积是有限的,故载荷达到某一值后,随着载荷的增加,接触电阻不再有明显的下降趋势;小载荷下,烟炱的加入恶化了摩擦副的电接触性能,随着载荷的增加,这种恶化作用逐渐减小;摩擦因数随着载荷的增加而降低,载荷较低时(2～6 N),摩擦因数曲线可见明显的上升期、跑合期、下降期、稳定期;而载荷较高时(8～10 N),只有上升期和稳定期;大载荷下,触头接触区域匹配良好,摩擦副表面迅速达到了平衡点,摩擦因数较稳定。在电化学的作用下烟炱颗粒在摩擦副表面形成固体膜,起到减摩抗磨的作用。     

Piecewise constant strain kinematic model of externally loaded concentric tube robots

This paper presents a piecewise constant strain kinematic model for concentric tube robots (CTR) in externally loaded conditions. It discretizes the pre-curved tubes comprising the robot into a finite number of pieces and involves external effects as a set of wrench vectors exerted along the robot backbone. Constant strain lets us describe the pieces with helices in which shear deformation and elongation are neglected. The resulting piecewise helix is the simplest curve that can catch the torsion of tubes that play a crucial role in kinematic behavior. This approximation transforms the conventional boundary value problem (BVP) of CTRs models into a set of nonlinear equations that drastically decreases the model resolution time. The present method uses a Lyapunov function and torsional Jacobian to ensure the distal torsion constraint consistently and, as a result, the solution’s convergence. The paper’s primary purpose is to present a fast, numerically stable, and relatively accurate kinematic model not reliant on measurement data. Experimental results on a two-tube prototype and provided for different tip loading conditions reveal maintaining a balance between adequate accuracy and reasonable running time, about 7 ms for five pieces per section, for real-time applications in the presence of external load.     

Fretting fatigue studies of titanium nitride-coated biomedical titanium alloys

Fretting fatigue is an adhesive wear mechanism caused by repetitive tangential micro-oscillation between two contacting materials pressed together under cyclic load. Bioimplants, such as hip joints and bone plates, are prone to undergo fretting fatigue failures during their service within the body. This article presents the fretting fatigue damage characterization of physical vapor deposition (PVD) TiN-coated biomedical titanium alloys (Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-6Al-7Nb) subjected to cyclic loads. The PVD TiN layer delayed the damage because of superior tribological properties compared with uncoated alloys. Delamination and abrasive wear damage of TiN at contact caused failure of the alloy. Friction coefficient curves of the PVD TiN-coated pair showed an irregular pattern caused by the influence of wear particulates and Ringer fluid at the contact.     

求解复杂轴扭振动力特性的一种近似分析方法

应用模态摄动法求解非均质变截面复杂轴的扭转振动的模态特性。在这一方法中,选择与复杂轴约束条件相同、等截面均匀轴的扭转振动解析模态函数作为近似分析的基函数,采用Ritz展开和摄动分析相结合的方法,把复杂轴扭振的变系数微分方程的求解,转化为一组代数方程组的求解。虽然这一方法应用了结构振动分析中常用的Ritz展开原理,但避免了关于模态广义坐标的特征值问题的求解,通过代数方程组的求解,可逐一求得复杂轴的扭转振动的模态特性,简化了求解的难度。通过2个算例的分析表明,该方法简单实用,且具有较高的精度。     

谐波齿轮传动系统非线性扭转振动仿真软件设计

结合谐波齿轮传动基本原理、非线性动力学理论、数值分析方法和计算机技术等设计方法开发了谐波齿轮传动系统非线性扭转振动仿真软件，该模型考虑了考虑传动误差、非线性扭转刚度以及间隙等非线性因素，仿真软件系统采用Windows界面风格、操作方便简捷、人机界面友好，是专为研究谐波齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学特性而开发的。对XB-80-134H型谐波齿轮减速器的实验结果证明了软件的有效性。软件仿真结果可以为设计以及实验分析提供依据。     

扭杆弹簧强扭工艺及其规范制定的理论探讨

应用弹、塑性理论 ,分析了扭杆弹簧强扭处理的机理 ,对其强扭工艺及规范的制定进行理论上的探讨。