Effect of heat treatment on the anodic oxidation of Ti–0.2 Pd alloys in chloride solutions

The effect of heat treatment of Ti and Ti–0.2 Pd alloys on their anodic oxidation was studied in deaerated 1% NaCl by means of anodic linear sweep voltammetry, SEM, TEM, EDS, optical microscopy and microhardness measurements. The specimens, as fabricated, consisted of -phase only. The -phase, intergranular or with a Widmansttäten type growth, was produced by heat treatment of the Ti–0.2 Pd alloys at the temperature range from 750 to 850 C. The -phase was transformed into the -phase during quenching. The current density against voltage curves for pure Ti and Ti–0.2 Pd, as fabricated or heat-treated, presented an initial plateau at about 1.5 V vs Ag/AgCl/KCl (3 M), an anodic peak at about 4.5 V and a current increase due to the pitting attack at about 10 V. The anodic peak was related to an oxide growth together with a solution electrolysis. Current spikes appeared at random from potentials about 8.3 V, which were related to film breakdown and repair events. The passive films of the alloys oxidized up to about 10 V presented oxidation bands parallel to the surface, with different oxygen content and microhardness, together with a structural transformation of the -phase under the titanium oxide layer. The similar behaviour of pure Ti and Ti–0.2 Pd alloys in front of pitting corrosion in chloride was due to such a structural transformation.     

不同腐蚀介质与预处理工艺对铸造镁合金显微组织的影响

为了研究腐蚀介质、预处理工艺对镁合金试样的影响,用数码相机、金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了不同工艺条件下镁合金试样的宏观形貌和微观组织变化.结果表明,在磷酸介质中,腐蚀时间2～3 min时,晶界显现最佳;3.5%NaCl溶液浸泡24 h,可获得与金属铸造过程一致的晶粒分布.氢氟酸与Na2Cr2O7.2H2O复合预处理工艺,对镁合金的腐蚀防护效果良好.说明了腐蚀介质、腐蚀时间是影响镁合金金相试样晶界显现的主要因素.用3.5%NaCl溶液长时间浸泡是获得镁合金晶粒分布特征的有效方法;氢氟酸与Na2Cr2O7.2H2O复合预处理工艺是提高镁合金耐蚀性能的有效防护手段.     

空调器用翅片管式蒸发器铜管点蚀分析及预防措施

针对空调器用翅片管式蒸发器铜管点蚀泄漏故障,结合铜管点蚀失效机制,从使用环境及蒸发器结构方面进行分析。研究发现,空气中含有的氯气或氯化物、氨气等溶解于冷凝水中形成腐蚀性离子,蒸发器相邻翅片叠加位置存在明显的孔洞状间隙,使冷凝水长期积存引起腐蚀性离子对铜管表面的腐蚀破坏作用,是导致蒸发器铜管点蚀泄漏的根本原因,鉴于此,提出避开腐蚀源、采用高耐腐蚀铜管、在铜管表面涂覆缓蚀剂、优化蒸发器翅片与铜管接触结构等预防措施。     

Pitting corrosion on 316L pipes in terephthalic acid (TA) dryer

Grade 316L is a type of austenitic stainless steel with ultra‐low carbon content and it exhibits superior corrosion resistance. However, pitting is always observed in 316L steel when it is exposed to media containing halide ions. In the present study, we found that in the presence of acetate acid (HAc) containing chloride or bromide ions, pitting occurred on the surface of the rotary steam pipes with the matrix material of 316L steel in terephthalic acid (TA) dryer. In order to identify the causes of the failure, metallographic structures and chemical compositions of the matrix material were inspected by an optical microscope (OM) and a photoelectric direct reading spectrometer. Beside these, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) as well as ion chromatography (IC) were used to analyze the micromorphologies of the corrosion pits and the chemical compositions of the corrosion deposits within them. Analysis of the results revealed the sources of halide ions and the factors accelerating the corrosion rate. Beside these, detailed mechanisms of pitting were discussed and six out of all the seven theoretical morphologies of pitting features were obtained in practice.     

贮油罐导静电防腐蚀涂装

文章分析了贮油罐导静电防腐蚀涂装出现的腐蚀穿孔漏油问题,并提出了改进建议.同时还对施工、监理、监督的责任到位和技术到位提出了看法.     

高温土酸酸化缓蚀剂DS-2的性能评价

针对目前国内土酸酸化缓蚀剂存在的高温下易分层、缓蚀率不高等问题,利用醛、酮、胺的缩合反应合成了一种曼尼希碱,通过和炔醇、喹啉季铵盐、含氮含硫化合物等组分的复配,研究得到高温土酸酸化缓蚀剂.DS-2。对DS-2的性能评价结果表明,DS-2在不同质量分数的土酸酸液中具有炎好的溶解分散性,120℃恒温静置48h,无液一液分层、液一固分离现象产生;和酸液中的粘土稳定剂、铁离子稳定剂等酸化添加剂有良好的配伍性;150℃条件下,常规土酸加入质量分数为2%的DS-2后腐蚀速率为13.47g/(m2·h),乏酸中的点蚀因数为97,缓蚀性和乏酸防点蚀性能均达到酸化缓蚀剂评价标准SY/T5405-1996规定的一级水平;渗透率损害试验证明,DS-2对地层无伤害。     

热处理温度对G3合金耐点蚀性能的影响

采用SEM、EDS、TEM等方法研究了不同热处理温度对G3合金组织形态及晶界析出相的影响;进而利用浸泡模拟实验和电化学实验,分析组织变化以及晶界析出相对G3合金耐点蚀性能的影响。结果表明:晶界析出相对G3合金耐点蚀性能起着关键的作用。低温退火时由于G3合金析出相变少,组织均匀性增加,G3合金耐点蚀性能有所增加。而随着退火温度的进一步升高,在晶界生成大量的析出相。析出相的大量生成使得G3合金组织不均匀性增加,同时造成贫Mo区域钝化膜稳定性变差,容易发生局部活化溶解,点蚀敏感性明显增加。     

7075-TiB_2原位铝基复合材料的腐蚀性能

采用动电位极化试验研究了7075-TiB2铝基复合材料的腐蚀行为。结果表明,该复合材料的腐蚀率与TiB2颗粒的比例成对应关系,而这主要与由原位TiB2颗粒引起的位错密度的增加有关。选择性点蚀具有晶粒间非对称的特点,主要归因于由TiB2颗粒与铝基体的热膨胀系数错配所致的局部位错密度不同。晶间腐蚀易于发生于大角度晶界,而特殊晶界和小角度晶界则表现出耐腐蚀性。晶内TiB2颗粒及其与铝基体的界面均无腐蚀发生。沿晶TiB2颗粒与晶界交汇的界面受晶间腐蚀的影响。     

高氮马氏体不锈钢3Cr13N的耐腐蚀机理

利用盐雾腐蚀试验箱,在1%Na Cl溶液、温度(60±2)℃条件下,对经过1020℃淬火+170℃回火处理后的高氮马氏体不锈钢3Cr13N和马氏体不锈钢3Cr13进行了6 h盐雾试验的对比研究,并用金相、能谱分析和X-线衍射分析等方法对试样进行了分析。结果表明,试验材料的腐蚀形态主要表现为点蚀,主要出现在试样中M23C6型夹杂物界面和晶界附近。3Cr13N试样中出现的点蚀百分比为0.55%,而3Cr13试样中则为1.15%。认为高氮马氏体不锈钢3Cr13N耐腐蚀的主要原因是M23C6型夹杂物数量较马氏体不锈钢3Cr13少。由于氮的加入,增加了Cr2N型氮化物的析出倾向,减少了M23C6型高铬含量的碳化物的析出,这在一定程度上减少了基体Cr的缺失,从而提高了3Cr13N的耐腐蚀性能。