γ射线和电子束辐照对风味豆干杀菌效果及品质的影响

为探究γ射线和电子束辐照对风味豆干微生物和理化指标影响的差异性，分别采用不同剂量的γ射线（0、3.1、5.9、8.6、11.4 kGy）和电子束（0、2.7、5.5、8.2、10.8 kGy）辐照风味豆干，研究其对风味豆干中微生物存活数、营养成分、理化指标及质构特性的影响。结果表明，γ射线和电子束辐照均能有效控制风味豆干菌落总数、霉菌及大肠菌群数，γ射线辐照杂菌和霉菌的D₁₀值分别为1.82 kGy和1.72 kGy，电子束辐照的D₁₀值分别为2.44 kGy和1.79 kGy，γ射线对风味豆干的杀菌效果强于电子束。两种辐照方式对风味豆干水分、蛋白和灰分的含量没有明显影响，但辐照后脂肪含量均显著降低。γ射线辐照后风味豆干氨基酸的含量无明显变化，但5.5 kGy剂量条件下，电子束辐照会对缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、酪氨酸等6种氨基酸的含量产生显著影响。γ射线辐照对风味豆干过氧化值有显著的影响，与酸价无明显的相关性；而电子束辐照与风味豆干过氧化值没有明显的相关性，但会引起其酸价显著上升。γ射线辐照不会对风味豆干硬度、内聚性、胶着性、咀嚼性和弹性产生显著影响，电子束辐照对其硬度、内聚性和胶着性的影响不显著，但5.5 kGy以上剂量辐照会对其咀嚼性和弹性产生显著的影响。综上所述，γ射线和电子束对风味豆干的辐照效应在某些方面存在一定的差异性，但均具有在豆干加工中应用的潜力，研究结果可为γ射线和电子束辐照技术在豆干加工中的应用提供理论依据。     

Reactions of microcrystalline fullerene C60 with amino and aza macrocyclic ligands under solvent-free conditions

We evaluated the reactivity under solvent-free conditions of 2-aminomethyl-15-crown-5 (AM15C5), 2-aminomethyl-18-crown-6 (AM18C6), 1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclopentadecane (TACPD) and rac-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (tet b) with microcrystalline fullerene C₆₀. The reactions of nucleophilic addition were carried out at temperatures of about 160°C for 5 h in the case of crown ethers and TACPD, and at 180–190°C for 24 h in the case of tet b. Characterization of the products obtained was performed by using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (LDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To provide an additional insight into the reactivity of macrocyclic compounds with C₆₀ molecules, we employed theoretical calculations in the frame of density functional theory (DFT). According to the results of SEM imaging, macrocyclic reagents are generally unable to deeply penetrate into the bulk of fullerene microcrystals (with a possible exception of TACPD). According to TGA measurements, the reaction efficiency is very low for tet b, whereas the average content of organic fraction in C₆₀-AM15C5 and C₆₀-AM18C6 reaches about 29%, and in C₆₀-TACPD, almost 40%. According to LDI-TOF mass spectral analysis, the products of TACPD, tet b and AM15C5 reactions with fullerene have oligomeric or polymeric structure. By using DFT theoretical calculations, the latter observation was explained by enhanced reactivity of secondary amino groups toward nucleophilic addition onto fullerene cage.     

某燃气电厂NOx排放测值异常分析与处理

某F级燃气电厂运行中发现NOx数值存在较大波动,通过分析和排查,发现烟气分析仪存在老化现象,同时CEMS仪表间存在布置不合理情况,通过处理NOx数值波动得以有效改善,可为同类电厂烟气系统数据异常处理提供参考。     

Enthalpies of formation of selected Pd2YZ Heusler compounds

Standard enthalpies of formation of selected ternary Pd-based Heusler type compositions Pd₂YZ (Y = Cu, Hf, Mn, Ti, Zr; Z = Al, Ga, In, Ge, Sn) were measured using high temperature direct synthesis calorimetry. The measured enthalpies of formation (in kJ/mole of atoms) of the Heusler compounds are, Pd₂HfAl (−81.6 ± 2.4); Pd₂HfGa (−79.9 ± 2.9); Pd₂HfIn (−76.4 ± 1.4); Pd₂HfSn (−77.6 ± 1.6); Pd₂MnSn (−54.6 ± 3.1); Pd₂TiGa (−65.6 ± 3.6); Pd₂TiIn (−69.9 ± 2.1); Pd₂TiSn (−78.6 ± 2.4); Pd₂ZrAl (−85.3 ± 3.0); Pd₂ZrGa (−76.2 ± 1.9); Pd₂ZrIn (−85.1 ± 3.9); Pd₂ZrSn (−92.2 ± 3.1); for the B2 compounds, Pd₂MnAl (−87.1 ± 3.0); Pd₂MnGa (−54.5 ± 1.7); Pd₂MnIn (−41.0 ± 2.5); Pd₂TiAl (−81.4 ± 1.9); for the tetragonal compound Pd₂CuAl (−55.2 ± 3.0) and for the orthorhombic compound Pd₂CuSn (−43.1 ± 2.3). Values were compared with those from published first principles calculation and the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD). Lattice parameters of these compounds were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Microstructures were identified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Selected alloys were annealed at various temperatures to investigate phase transformations and phase relationships.     

Allotropic transformation induced stacking faults and discontinuous coarsening in a γ-γ′ Co-base alloy

The stability of a Co-based alloy designed to possess a microstructure comprising of L1₂, γ′ Co₃Ti-type precipitates embedded in an A1, γ Co solid solution matrix has been investigated. The alloy showed acute microstructural instabilities upon ageing at 700 °C, resulting in the degeneration of the γ-γ′ aggregate into i) a faulted Co-based martensite and Co₃Ti and ii) a lamellar aggregate of A3-Co and Co₃Ti. The faulted Co-based phase was formed by isothermal diffusionless transformation of the metastable A1-phase, whilst the lamellar aggregate was a discontinuous reaction product.     

Alloying behavior and novel properties of CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

An equiatomic CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy was synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). During MA, a solid solution with refined microstructure of 10 nm which consists of a FCC phase and a BCC phase was formed. After SPS consolidation, only one FCC phase can be detected in the HEA bulks. The as-sintered bulks exhibit high compressive strength of 1987 MPa. An interesting magnetic transition associated with the structure coarsening and phase transformation was observed during SPS process.     

Applying γ‐Substituted Prolines in the Foldon Peptide: Polarity Contradicts Preorganization

Rational choice of chemical modifications to proline residues allows the preorganization principle to be exploited for more stable assembly of the foldon domain as a tag for trimerization. With systematic knowledge of how chemical and steric variations of the ring substituents affect the relative stabilities of exo and endo puckers, the preorganization principle should then be usable in biotechnologically synthesized foldon mutants and applicable for protein tagging elsewhere.     

基底表面质量对ZK60镁合金镀镍层性能的影响

镁合金表面镀镍被广泛运用于镁合金工件防腐,而镀层的起泡和脱落严重影响工件的使用寿命。本实验以ZK60镁合金为研究对象,分析了不同工件基底表面质量对镀镍层性能的影响机制。研究表明:基底表面存在的划痕和点蚀坑会显著降低镀镍层质量,引起镀层的起泡和脱落。基底表面的划痕会被保留到镀镍层中,引发镀层变薄,应力集中等问题,增加镀层开裂的几率。点蚀坑中的杂质与镁基底有不同的电化学特性,会导致镀层减薄和结合不牢。因此,提高镁合金工件基底表面光洁度、清除基底表面点蚀坑是提高镁合金镀镍层性能的必要措施。     

重组人淋巴细胞活化基因-3蛋白胞外段的真核表达及鉴定

目的真核表达重组人淋巴细胞活化基因-3(lymphocyte activation gene-3,LAG-3)蛋白胞外段,并进行鉴定。方法用植物血球凝集素(phytohaemagg lutinin,PHA)刺激Jurkat细胞,流式细胞术检测Jurkat细胞中LAG-3蛋白的表达;提取Jurkat细胞总mRNA,RT-PCR法扩增人LAG-3蛋白胞外段基因片段,同时在蛋白C-末端引入His标签,将其克隆入载体pcDNA3. 1+,构建重组质粒,转染Expi293F真核细胞,当细胞活率低于50%时收获细胞上清,经镍柱亲合层析纯化。纯化产物进行4%~20%SDS-PAGE、HPLC及Western blot分析,BCA法测定浓度。结果经菌液PCR、双酶切及测序鉴定,表明质粒构建正确。重组表达蛋白的相对分子质量约60 000,纯化后纯度达95%以上,与鼠抗LAG-3单克隆抗体可发生特异性结合,浓度为2. 4 mg/mL。结论成功构建了重组真核表达质粒LAG-3/pcDNA3. 1+,并于Expi293F细胞中表达,纯化获得了纯度较高的LAG-3蛋白,为后期LAG-3蛋白的相关研究及其单抗的制备奠定了基础。