The impact of urban street layout on local atmospheric environment

The investigation was carried out to reveal the impact of urban street layout on local atmospheric environment through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulations using standard k$k$–ε$\epsilon$ turbulence model. Different street canyon configurations are considered and the flow regimes summarized according to the aspect ratio of the leeward building height and the street width H1/W$H1/W$ and the aspect ratio of the leeward building height and the windward building height H1/H2$H1/H2$. Three regimes are defined to denote the vortices and characteristics of pollutant dispersion in street canyons according to the parameters H1/W$H1/W$ and H1/H2$H1/H2$. It is found that the pollutant transport and diffusion is strongly dependent upon the type of flow regime inside the canyon and exchange between canyon and the above roof air. The study indicated that there is a strong influence of the street layout on the wind field and the pollutant dispersion in the street canyon mainly depends on the vortex structure in the canyon. The results are validated against an extensive wind tunnel experimental (Meroney and Rafailidis) [Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1996;62:37–56; http://www.mi.uni-hamburg.de] and the simulated results concluded by Sini [Atmospheric Environment 1996;30:2659–77] and Sang [Atmospheric Environment 2002;36:1137–45].     

一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池管理系统设计

基于Microchip公司的高性能数字信号控制器dsPIC30F6014A,完成了一种车用质子交换膜燃料电池管理系统的单膜电压检测单元CVU和电堆主控单元FCU的软硬件设计,开发了基于C语言的膜电极电压采集程序和管理系统主控程序,并且用样机验证了设计。     

反思与品评——新中国近35年建筑评论与建筑设计的人和事

该文告诉我们,所谓反思与品评就是评论。评论本身首先就是及时的纠错机制。多年来,建筑评论始终未被摆到应有的位置得到重视和保护,更没有形成相应的建筑评论标准和机制,为此我们付出了惨重的代价。该文从8位建筑师的自我品评切入,列出65年来主要的标志性事件。分别反思了走向世界的35年和奠基夭折的30年,以及目前存在的主要问题,特别指出建筑评论领域的"四个建设"(环境、理论、队伍、机制)问题亟待解决。     

大型储油罐变形数据处理与分析

通过对某油库大型储油罐的观测实例,介绍了TM30在油罐测量的原理,并分析了确定圆心坐标的方法的精度,选取MATLAB进行程序设计对油罐的变形数据进行自动化处理,得出一系列几何参数,该方法明显提高了工作效率. 通过这些几何参数来分析该储油罐几何形体的形变情况,为人员生命安全和安全生产提供了依据.     

30Cr13马氏体不锈钢焊接工艺评定

30Cr13为马氏体不锈钢,含碳量较高,同质焊缝及热影响区焊态下为马氏体组织,有较大冷裂倾向。通过对12 mm厚30Cr13钢板的焊接结构进行焊接工艺试验。结果表明,在选用奥氏体不锈钢焊接材料的条件下,严格控制焊接工艺,通过焊前预热及焊后消除应力热处理可以获得良好的焊接接头力学性能,满足相关标准及设计要求。     

TiC(30vol%)/Cu-Al_2O_3复合材料热变形及动态再结晶

采用真空热压-内氧化烧结法制备了TiC(30vol%)/Cu-Al2O3复合材料,测试其基本性能,对其微观组织进行了观察分析。利用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机,在变形温度450~850℃、应变速率0.001~1s-1、变形量50%的条件下,对TiC(30vol%)/Cu-Al2O3进行了热压缩变形试验。通过对流变应力进行分析和计算,构建了该复合材料的本构方程及动态再结晶临界应变模型。利用加工硬化率-应变曲线的拐点和对应偏导曲线最小值的判据,建立了动态再结晶临界应变与Zener-Hollomon参数之间的函数关系。结果表明:TiC(30vol%)/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的真应力-真应变曲线以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,峰值应力随变形温度的降低或应变速率的升高而增加;计算得出该复合材料的热变形激活能为211.384kJ/mol。     

淬火工艺及Nb元素对30MnB5钢原奥氏体晶粒度的影响

利用光学显微镜(OM),研究了淬火工艺及Nb元素对30MnB5钢的原奥氏体晶粒度的影响。结果表明:含Nb的30MnB5钢在淬火温度860~920 ℃,保温时间不超过60 min时,原奥氏体晶粒度具有良好的稳定性;当淬火温度达到950 ℃时,保温时间超过30 min后,原奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着保温时间增长逐渐变大;因此,淬火温度低于950 ℃时,Nb元素对30MnB5钢热处理过程中原奥氏体晶粒生长具有抑制作用;当淬火温度达到1000 ℃时,Nb元素仅在30 min以内对原奥氏体晶粒生长有轻微抑制作用,当淬火保温时间超过60 min时,Nb元素完全失去对原奥氏体晶粒生长的抑制作用。     

30CrNi3MoV钢的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对30CrNi3MoV钢进行单向热压缩试验,研究了其在变形温度950~1150 ℃、应变速率0.01~10 s^-1的热变形行为,构建了应变补偿型流变应力本构方程,并绘制出该钢的热加工图。结果表明,30CrNi3MoV钢真应力-真应变曲线有3种不同特征:高温小应变速率时,表现为典型的动态再结晶过程;低温小应变速率时,曲线为动态回复特征;应变速率较大时,应力随应变的增大而增大,无明显的峰值应力。采用5次多项式拟合构建的应变耦合流变应力本构方程具有高的精确度,采用该方程获得的预测值与试验值的平均相对误差为3.2%,相关性系数R值为0.993。从热加工图中得到试验钢最佳的热加工工艺参数范围是:变形温度为1020~1150 ℃、应变速率为0.03~0.35 s^-1。     

Influences of copolymers (Copovidone,Eudragit RL PO and Kollicoat MAE 30 DP) on stability and bioactivity of spray-dried and freeze-dried lysozyme

Protein stability is the most crucial factor in protein pharmaceutical preparations. Various techniques were applied for producing stable protein formulations such as spray-drying and freeze-drying. However, heating and freezing stresses are disadvantages for proteins using these methods, respectively. Accordingly, excipients have been used to preserve therapeutic effects of proteins during processing and for long period of time. Therefore, influences of Copovidone, Eudragit^® RL-PO and Kollicoat^® MAE-30 DP (as excipients) on stability and integrity of lysozyme (as a model protein) in spray-dried and freeze-dried forms were investigated. Protein formulations in both dried forms were prepared without and with the addition of mentioned excipients at different concentrations. Protein formulations were characterized for yield determination, morphology using scanning electron microscopic (SEM), thermal analysis by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), secondary structure stability using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and biological activity. All protein formulations were subjected to a stability study as solid protein formulations for 3 weeks at 24?°C/76% relative humidity and aqueous protein samples were stored at 50?°C for 30?min in a water bath. Results showed that Copovidone successfully preserved integrity and biological activity of lysozyme before and after storage in both spray-dried and freeze-dried forms with more advantage for using higher concentration of the same excipient. Smooth spheres of spray-dried lysozyme formulations with Copovidone were smaller than spray-dried lysozyme without and with Kollicoat^® MAE-30 DP, which affected %yield produced. Copovidone has demonstrated valuable protection ability for lysozyme.     

连轧管机用30Cr3MoV限动芯棒材料的研制

以合金热力学计算和锻件温度场模拟为指导,采用合适的冶炼、锻造、热处理工艺,研制的连轧管机用30Cr3MoV限动芯棒材料的力学性能与H13相当,满足技术要求。