Understanding enhancing mechanism of Pr6O11 and Pr(OH)3 in methanol electrooxidation

The presence of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups are both favorable for the methanol electrooxidation on Pt-based catalysts.Understanding and differentiating the enhancing mechanism between oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups for high activity of Pt catalysts in methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)is essential but still challenging.Herein,we developed two kinds of co-catalyst for Pt/CNTs,Pr₆O₁₁is rich in oxygen vacancies but contains substantially no hydroxyl groups,while Pr(OH)₃ possesses abundant hydroxyl groups without oxygen vacancies.After a seque nce of designed experiments,it can be found that both oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups can improve the performance of Pt/CNTs electrocatalysts,but the enhancing mechanism and improving degree of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups for the MOR are different.Since the oxygen vacancies are more conducive to increasing the intrinsic activity of the Pt catalyst,and the hydroxyl groups play a decisive role in dehydrogenation and deproto nation of methanol,the co-catalysts with both oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups mixed with Pt/CNTs have higher catalytic performance.Therefore,hydroxyl-rich Pr₆O₁₁·xH₂O was prepared and used as MOR electrocatalyst after mixed with Pt/CNTs.Benefiting from the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and hydroxyl groups,the Pr₆O₁₁·xH₂O/Pt/CNTs shows a high peak current density of 741 mA/mg,which is three times higher than that of Pt/CNTs.These new discoveries serve as a promising strategy for the rational design of MOR catalysts with low cost and high activity.     

连铸圆坯表面网状裂纹特征分析与控制

采用酸浸低倍检测、电子显微镜、电子探针等手段对圆坯表面网状裂纹特征和形成原因进行了分析。研究发现圆坯表面网状裂纹沿粗大奥氏体晶界呈网状分布，存在明显脱碳现象，裂纹内富集As元素。分析表明圆坯表面网状裂纹的形成原因是钢中As元素含量高导致的奥氏体晶界As元素富集和过热度高导致的奥氏体晶粒粗大。据此进行了控制圆坯表面网状裂纹的工艺优化措施，控制钢中As元素质量分数在0.008%以内、控制钢水过热度在20～35℃、降低结晶器保护渣熔点并提高黏度，取得了显著效果。     

基于随机搜索树法的机械臂视觉伺服研究

在当今的工业应用中,机械臂完成某一特定作业任务的基础是进行轨迹规划。针对单纯基于图像的视觉伺服(the image-based visual servoing,IBVS),不能直接对相机或机械臂的运行轨迹进行控制,容易造成跟踪目标脱离视野、机械臂与工作空间障碍物相碰撞的问题,本文提出了三维随机搜索树算法(the three-dimensional Rapidly-exploring Random Trees algorithm,3D-RRT)实现机械臂的轨迹规划,将轨迹规划与视觉伺服相融合,使机械臂在跟踪移动过程中,满足图像视野范围限制和空间障碍物约束问题。在MATLAB平台建立算法仿真实验,结果表明三维随机搜索树算法(3D-RRT)可以较好解决基于图像的视觉伺服(IBVS)中存在的问题。     

基于单片机的智慧水族箱生态养殖系统

随着人工智能的迅速发展，人们的生活不断提高，智慧水族箱、智慧家居等等逐渐进入人们家中，主要针对目前市场上销售的水族箱现状以及高耗能的资源浪费问题，设计了一种基于STC89C52RC单片机为核心的智慧水族箱生态养殖系统。重点对水温调节、水循环过滤两个模块进行了分析，同时也介绍了充氧、喂食、液显、按键的电路。该智能养殖系统不仅适用于家用水族箱，同时也适用户外水禽的养殖，可以降低饲养难度，并且节能环保。     

并流控速沉淀法制备纳米α-Bi2O3及其光催化降解苯酚性能研究

以五水合硝酸铋为铋源,氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,通过简单易操作的并流控速沉淀法合成了α-Bi2O3纳米颗粒.同时,利用XRD和SEM分析了所获产品的结构与表面形貌.并选用苯酚作为模拟污染物,利用LC3000型高效液相色谱仪对其进行色谱分析,探究了所合成的纳米α-Bi2O3光催化剂的催化性能.当苯酚的质量分数为100μg·g?1、pH=8、α-Bi2O3投加量为60 mg·L?1时,可见光照射180 min,降解率可达92.6％.通过自由基捕获实验发现,在α-Bi2O3光催化降解苯酚体系中主要活性物种为羟基自由基.