Physicochemical and functional properties of Caryota urens flour as compared to wheat flour

Starch digestibility, thermal, pasting and gelling properties of Caryota urens (CU) flour were investigated using wheat flour as reference. Amylose content of CU and wheat flour was 32.1% and 28.3%, respectively. CU flour had very low content of protein and lipid but had a high content of total starch (98.2%) and resistant starch (RS) [42.5%]. Gelatinisation temperature (78.5 °C) of CU flour was higher than wheat flour. Pasting behaviour of CU flour was similar to that of high swelling tuber and root and waxy starches. CU flour retrograded to a greater extent than wheat flour. Very specific gelling behaviour was noticed for CU flour where it produced significantly harder gel with high paste clarity, fracture ability, adhesiveness, gumminess and chewiness. Expected glycaemic index (eGI) of CU and wheat flour was 92.4 and 100.4, respectively. CU flour had high eGI despite high content of resistant starch.     

A hybrid algorithm for high speed transmission line protection

A common method used in UHV transmission line protection is based on impedance measurement technique. The fault detection speed of impedance protection schemes cannot be improved without sacrificing the relay reach limit. Protection algorithms based on fault generated transient signals have shown promising results in improving the speed, but these methods have inherent reliability problems. This paper examines how the fault generated transient information can be used to achieve fast fault detection speeds in a distance protection scheme while maintaining a high reliability level.     

Robust observer design for uncertain one‐sided Lipschitz systems with disturbances

In this paper, we study the robust observer design problem for a class of uncertain one‐sided Lipschitz systems with disturbances. Not only the system matrices but also the nonlinear functions are assumed to be uncertain. The nominal models of nonlinearities are assumed to satisfy both the one‐sided Lipschitz condition and the quadratically inner‐bounded condition. By utilizing a novel approach, our observer designs are robust against unknown nonlinear uncertainties and system and measurement noises. The new approach also relaxes some conservativeness in related existing results, ie, less conservative observer design conditions are obtained. Furthermore, the problem of designing reduced‐order observers is considered in case the output measurement is not subject to uncertainty and disturbance. Two examples are provided to show the efficiency and advantages of our results over existing works.     

Further result on reachable set bounding for linear uncertain polytopic systems with interval time-varying delays

The problem of reachable set estimation of linear uncertain polytopic time-varying delay systems subject to bounded peak inputs is studied in this paper. The delays considered in this paper are assumed to be non-differentiable and vary within an interval where the lower and upper bounds are known. Based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii method and delay decomposition technique, a sufficient condition for the existence of a ball that bounds the reachable set of the system is proposed in terms of matrix inequalities containing only one scalar which can be solved by using an one-dimensional search method and Matlab’s LMI Toolbox and allow us to find the smallest radius. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed result.     

Electrothermal model for an SOI-based LIGBT

Several vertical insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) electrothermal models are currently available on circuit simulators. However, no reliable electrothermal models have been proposed for the lateral IGBT (LIGBT). In this paper, for the first time, an electrothermal model for an LIGBT structure based on a novel concept recently reported by Udrea (IEDM, p. 451, 2004), and here termed silicon-on-membrane, is presented. The model relies on a systematic study of both the isothermal and self-heating behaviors of the device. The model is further implemented in the SPICE circuit simulator language and validated against extensive Medici numerical simulations and experimental data.