改性酰化壳聚糖缓释肥包膜材料的制备与表征

壳聚糖与辛酰氯酰化反应,制备低取代度的酰化壳聚糖。通过元素分析计算酰化壳聚糖的取代度,并用红外光谱、核磁共振、尿素渗透测试对其结构及渗透性能进行分析和表征。以戊二醛为交联剂,制备了一系列酰化交联壳聚糖膜,用吸水倍率、接触角、X射线衍射仪、热重分析、尿素渗透等对其性能进行分析表征。结果表明,交联使酰化壳聚糖热稳定性提高;酰化交联壳聚糖缓释包膜材料结晶度下降,疏水性提高;随戊二醛含量增加,尿素累积渗透量下降,7 d内尿素累积渗透量由74.7%降低至34.2%,28 d时尿素累积渗透量为76.7%,改性酰化壳聚糖膜缓释性能良好。     

交联密度对丁腈橡胶阻尼性能的影响

测定了丁腈橡胶硫化胶的交联密度和阻尼性能，考察交联密度对阻尼性能的影响。结果表明，交联密度是阻尼性能的重要影响因素。交联密度的增加可以提高丁腈橡胶的损耗峰所对应的温度并使储能模量E＇的转变区域向高温方向移动，但交联密度过高会导致有效损耗温度区域缩小。     

有机硅／三元乙丙橡胶共混研究

本文对有机硅／三元乙丙橡胶共混的相容性和共硫化进行了研究，探讨了共混比例、填料、助剂、工艺条件等因素对共混胶力学性能的影响。结果表明，提高共混胶的相容性和共硫化性，是获得性能优异产品的关键，从而使这一新型材料在新的领域广泛应用。     

配方因素对氟橡胶高温撕裂性能的影响

研究了硫化剂品种、双酚AF用量、促进剂BPP用量、补强剂品种及炭黑N990用量对不同测试温度下氟橡胶撕裂强度的影响,采用核磁共振法测定了不同温度下氟橡胶硫化胶的交联密度,研究了氟橡胶的高温撕裂强度与其交联密度间的关系。结果表明,随着测试温度的增加(25℃增加到200℃),不同配方的氟橡胶的撕裂强度均明显降低。在100~200℃温度范围内,双酚AF/BPP硫化的氟橡胶的撕裂强度高于过氧化物或胺类硫化氟橡胶的撕裂强度。随着双酚AF用量的增大,氟橡胶的常温撕裂强度明显降低,而高温撕裂强度略有下降。促进剂BPP用量增大,氟橡胶的常温和高温撕裂强度均变化不大。几种补强剂中,沉淀法白炭黑补强氟橡胶在200℃时的撕裂强度仅为25℃时撕裂强度的0.6%。测试温度从25℃升至200℃,炭黑N990补强氟橡胶的撕裂强度降低幅度较小,随着N990用量的增大,氟橡胶的常温撕裂强度增幅明显,而高温撕裂强度略有提高。测试温度升高,氟橡胶硫化胶的交联密度减小,同时撕裂强度也降低,双酚硫化时,在相同测试温度下,氟橡胶的交联密度越小,撕裂强度越大。     

Interpenetrating polymer network structured thermosets prepared from epoxidized soybean oil/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A

Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO)/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) in various blend ratios (i.e. 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50) was thermally cured using methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride in the presence of 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole catalyst. The tensile properties and fracture toughness of the ESO/DGEBA thermoset blends were determined. Thermal properties of the blends were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Blending of ESO and DGEBA gave synergistic effects on the modulus, strength, glass transition temperature and thermal stability. However, the fracture toughness and elongation at break of ESO/DGEBA blends are lower than those of ESO, as expected. The enhancement in certain mechanical and thermal properties of ESO/DGEBA can be associated with the crosslink density, gel content and possible interpenetrating network of the resulting thermoset blends. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

尼龙-1010的增强辐射交联

用凝胶测定技术及广角X射线衍射(Wide angle X-ray diffraction,WAXD)等方法研究了尼龙-1010与添加了交联剂4,4'-双马来酰亚胺二苯甲烷(4,4'-Bismaleimideodephenylmathan,BMI)的尼龙-1010的辐射交联规律,试样的交联G值,结晶结构随吸收剂量的变化,讨论了交联剂存在下辐照对结晶损伤的影响.结果表明,多官能团单体的存在,不仅增强了辐射交联结构的生成,同时也促进了其结晶结构的辐射损伤,损伤的初始剂量减小.BMI单体主要存在于界面区,抑制应力键裂解、加强了界面交联,进一步导致结晶表面缺陷的积累和结晶度Wc下降,表明辐射损伤由晶面开始而逐步向结晶内部伸入.结晶度Wc、微晶尺寸Lhkl与剂量D关系表明,辐照初期W1c及Lhkl的增加与应力链断裂、氢键作用下分子链段重排有关,高吸收剂量的Wc与Lhkl的变化率与结晶比表面大小相关,010面较100面更易受损伤.     

有机蒙脱土对天然橡胶/丁苯橡胶的补强及增容作用

采用机械混炼法制备了天然橡胶(NR)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料,采用TEM和XRD对复合材料的亚微观结构进行了表征,并对复合材料的表观交联密度、静态力学性能、动态力学性能和硫化热效应进行了研究。结果表明,复合材料为剥离型纳米复合材料;OMMT能够明显提高纳米复合材料的交联密度和静态力学性能;OMMT导致NR/SBR共混胶动态损耗因子降低,并且能够促使NR和SBR玻璃化转变温度更为接近,起到了增容作用;OMMT实现了NR和SBR两相的同步硫化。     

利用膨化-交联技术制备环保型芯砂粘结剂的研究

采用正交试验设计找出最佳制备条件，对原材料进行筛选，确定工艺配比。实验结果表明，采用膨化、交联技术制造的砂芯粘结剂具有优良的工艺性能，对环境无污染。     

Analysis of network structure formed in styrene–butadiene rubber cured with sulfur/TBBS system

Several styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were prepared with different cure systems based on sulfur and TBBS (N‐t‐butyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulfenamide), varying the amount of sulfur and accelerator between 0.5 and 2.5 phr in the formulation. Torque curves, measured with a moving die rheometer at temperatures at 433 K, were used to characterize the vulcanization. The time to achieve the maximum torque, t_100%, was evaluated for each sample, and this time was set to vulcanize sheets at 433 K. The density and type of elastically active crosslinks of each cured sample were evaluated by means of swelling measurements and were related to the vulcanizing system. Finally, the rheometer data were analyzed considering the network structure formed during vulcanization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1105–1112, 2007     

Structure and properties relationships of epoxy resins part 1: Crosslink density of cured resin: (I) model resins synthesis

Two model epoxy resin precursors based on the N-glycidyl derivatives of 4.4'-diaminodiphenylene methane (DDM) were prepared: N,N bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-N′,N″-dimethyl-4.4'-diaminodiphenylene methane (G2A); N.N′ bis-(2,3-epoxypropyl)-N,N′-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylene methane (G2S). To prepare these, aniline or N-methyl aniline was reacted with epichlorohydrin, using acetic acid as catalyst. The products were coupled via acid-catalysed condensations in the presence of formaldehyde or with N,N-dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol. The coupled chlorohydrins formed were then dehydrochlorinated to form the desired product. All reactions were monitored and purifications of the crude products were effected by high pressure liquid chromatographic techniques. The products were characterised by proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and mass spectroscopy, elemental and titrametric analysis. Results were compared with those obtained for tetra-N-glycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylene methane (TGDDM). All the data confirmed the structures of the model resins. These, together with TGDDM. will be used to prepare epoxy resin networks of controlled crosslink density and chemical homogeneity.