均匀化方法的ABAQUS实现

为了利用通用有限元软件来对复杂的均匀化方程进行便捷求解,从而对具有周期性构造复合材料有效性能进行预测.根据文献[1]提出的热应力方法和边界力方法将均匀化方程转化为通用有限元可以进行计算的形式,通过ABAQUS用户子程序和脚本语言的编写,便捷的实现了均匀化方程的求解,得到了均匀化系数.通过均匀化方程的ABAQUS的便捷求解(包括热应力方法和边界力方法),计算了单向复合材料有效性能,并与细观力学方法进行比较,结果表明两种方法具有一致性和有效性.     

一种三维线弹性随机数值均化方法

对小变形下具有随机微观结构非均质材料的数值均化问题进行了研究.当考虑材料微观结构形态、各组分性质的随机性及相关性时,基于多尺度有限元方法和蒙特卡罗法,建立了非均质材料的随机均化模型.求出了不同边界条件下的随机有效量及其数字特征值以及有效量之间所具有的相关性.考察了随机微观结构参数对随机有效量以及表征体积单元中应力分布的影响.结果表明,在分析非均质材料的宏观有效力学性质时,考虑材料微观结构中客观存在的随机性和相关性非常重要.     

均匀化退火对Al-1Mn-1Mg合金中析出相形态的影响

用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、能谱分析（EDAX）和差热分析（DTA）等技术探讨均匀化退火的主要工艺参数对经高效熔体处理的Al-1Mn-1Mg合金中析出相形态的影响。结果表明：在加热温度为400～600℃，保温时间为6～24h的均匀化退火工艺内，随温度的升高或保温时间的延长，晶界处析出相逐渐球化，主要为Al（Fe，Mn，Si，RE）复合相；晶内析出相的弥散度提高，依组成元素及含量不同而呈现短杆、方块、椭球、球状及菱形等多种形态；继续升高温度或延长保温时间，晶界处析出相均有粗化趋势；450～500℃下保温12～15h后，晶界处析出相的球化效果明显，晶内析出相弥散程度高，基本消除了铸锭中的偏析现象。     

Application of multiscale modeling in the coating formation simulation of APS PYSZ TBCs

The process parameters of atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) influence the coating formation and properties of partially yttria stabilized zirconia (PYSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBC). Simulations can be used to investigate this dependency and to design the coating process for a targeted production of TBCs. A whole process simulation was realized by modeling the linked subprocesses: plasma torch, plasma free jet, powder particles characteristics, and coating formation. The coating formation can be described by model approaches with different physical assumptions and geometric scales. One approach is the simulation of single powder particles hitting the substrate surface. An alternative macroscale finite element model (FEM) model approach is applied in the coating formation simulation. A group of particles is pooled in a splash that is dependent on the precalculated particle distribution in front of the substrate. A third modeling approach is applied to calculate effective mechanical and thermodynamical properties of coatings dependent on the experimentally obtained or calculated microstructure of the PYSZ TBC, which is based on different homogenization methods. The application of three simulation approaches in the whole process simulation of APS is discussed; advantages and disadvantages are elucidated. Results based on simulation and experiments are presented for a variation of process parameters. Missing links in the multiscale approach are detected to make suggestions for future modeling and simulation work. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.     

磨粒径向分布对电感式磨粒传感器测试结果的影响

根据电感平衡原理,设计了用于磨粒在线测量的电感式磨粒传感器.分析了传感器的测试原理和磨粒通过传感器线圈时径向分布对测试结果的影响.通过计算线圈内测试面的磁场分布,提出了提高线圈测试面磁场均匀性的设计准则.建立了磨粒位置偏离线圈中心时,磨粒磁化场的磁通求解模型.模型计算结果表明,磨粒径向位置的改变,使得线圈各横截面上磁化场的磁通发生了变化.当线圈达到一定长度后,磁化场的磁链变化很小.因此在保证传感器线圈测试面磁场均匀性和线圈长度的前提下,磨粒径向分布对测试结果的影响可忽略.研究结论为分析电感式磨粒传感器测试结果一致性和优化传感器的结构设计提供了理论依据.     

基于Cosserat理论的微观结构对非均质材料有效性能的影响分析

为更有效地研究具有周期性微观结构的非均质材料平面应变问题,用基于Cosserat理论的渐进均匀化方法得到微观结构对非均质材料有效性能的影响情况．计算结果表明,单胞内夹杂体的形状对有效杨氏弹性模量、有效泊松比、有效Cosserat弹性常数和有效材料特征长度有影响,并且随着夹杂体与单胞体积比的增大而影响明显．     

Viscoelastic material design with negative stiffness components using topology optimization

An application of topology optimization to design viscoelastic composite materials with elastic moduli that soften with frequency is presented. The material is a two-phase composite whose first constituent is isotropic and viscoelastic while the other is an orthotropic material with negative stiffness but stable. A concept for this material based on a lumped parameter model is used. The performance of the topology optimization approach in this context is illustrated using three examples.     

Computational homogenization of elasticity on a staggered grid

In this article, we propose to discretize the problem of linear elastic homogenization by finite differences on a staggered grid and introduce fast and robust solvers. Our method shares some properties with the FFT‐based homogenization technique of Moulinec and Suquet, which has received widespread attention recently because of its robustness and computational speed. These similarities include the use of FFT and the resulting performing solvers. The staggered grid discretization, however, offers three crucial improvements. Firstly, solutions obtained by our method are completely devoid of the spurious oscillations characterizing solutions obtained by Moulinec–Suquet's discretization. Secondly, the iteration numbers of our solvers are bounded independently of the grid size and the contrast. In particular, our solvers converge for three‐dimensional porous structures, which cannot be handled by Moulinec–Suquet's method. Thirdly, the finite difference discretization allows for algorithmic variants with lower memory consumption. More precisely, it is possible to reduce the memory consumption of the Moulinec–Suquet algorithms by 50%. We underline the effectiveness and the applicability of our methods by several numerical experiments of industrial scale. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

On computational homogenization of microscale crack propagation

The effective response of microstructures undergoing crack propagation is studied by homogenizing the response of statistical volume elements (SVEs). Because conventional boundary conditions (Dirichlet, Neumann and strong periodic) all are inaccurate when cracks intersect the SVE boundary, we herein use first order homogenization to compare the performance of these boundary conditions during the initial stage of crack propagation in the microstructure, prior to macroscopic localization. Using weakly periodic boundary conditions that lead to a mixed formulation with displacements and boundary tractions as unknowns, we can adapt the traction approximation to the problem at hand to obtain better convergence with increasing SVE size. In particular, we show that a piecewise constant traction approximation, which has previously been shown to be efficient for stationary cracks, is more efficient than the conventional boundary conditions in terms of convergence also when crack propagation occurs on the microscale. The performance of the method is demonstrated by examples involving grain boundary crack propagation modelled by conventional cohesive interface elements as well as crack propagation modelled by means of the extended finite element method in combination with the concept of material forces. © 2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Formulation design,in vitro characterizations and anti-malarial investigations of artemether and lumefantrine-entrapped solid lipid microparticles

Context: Poor aqueous solubility of artemether and lumefantrine makes it important to seek better ways of enhancing their oral delivery and bioavailability.

Objective: To formulate and carry out in vitro and anti-malarial pharmacodynamic evaluations of solidified reverse micellar solutions (SRMS)-based solid lipid microparticles (SLMs) of artemether and lumefantrine for oral delivery and improved bioavailability.

Materials and methods: Rational blends of Softisan^®154 and Phospholipon^®90H lipid matrices, and different concentrations of artemether and lumefantrine were used to formulate several batches of SLMs. Drug-free SLMs were also formulated. Morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and pH studies were performed. In vitro release studies were performed in alcoholic buffer, simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without enzymes. Anti-malarial pharmacodynamic studies were conducted in mice.

Results: Stable, smooth and spherical particles with sizes ranging from 4.2?±?0.02 to 9.3?±?0.8?µm were formed. EE% of 92.2–97.3% and 30.2–84.7% and pH of 3.0?±?0.02 to 4.9?±?0.12 and 3.0?±?0.02 to 5.8?±?0.05 were obtained for artemether and lumefantrine SLMs, respectively. Release of 100, 88.28 and 75.49%, as well as 63.26, 34.31 and 56.17% were recorded for artemether and lumefantrine in alcoholic buffer, SGF and SIF, respectively. Pharmacodynamic studies indicated very significant (p?Conclusion: Oral delivery and bioavailability of artemether and lumefantrine could be improved using SRMS-based SLMs.