Effect of layering pattern on the water absorption behavior of banana glass hybrid composites

Hybridization of Banana fibers with glass fibers has been found to reduce the water absorption behavior of the composites in an earlier work by us. Banana fibers were hybridized with glass and different layering patterns were followed in the preparation of the composites. The effect of the various layering patterns on the water absorption of the composites was studied. It was found that water diffusion occurs in the composite depending on the layering pattern as well as the temperature. In all the experiments, it has been found that composites with an intimate mixture of glass and banana show the maximum water uptake except for temperature of 90°C. At 90°C the maximum water uptake is found to be for composites where there is one layer of banana and another layer of glass. The water uptake follows the same trend as that in all other temperatures till a time span of 4900 min is reached. The kinetics of diffusion was found to be Fickian in nature. The various thermodynamic parameters like sorption coefficient, diffusion coefficient. Enthalpy change, entropy change, and activation energy of the various composites were calculated. From all the calculations it has been concluded that layering pattern is an important parameter which controls the water absorption of the composites. The layering pattern Cg‐b‐g was found to have the lowest water uptake. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

FLUID1ZED BED SPRAY GRANULATION AND FILM COATING A NEW METHOD FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF THE COATING PROCESS ON A SINGLE SPHERE

The coating and granulation of solid particles in a fluidized bed is a process which converts pumpable and atomizable liquids (solutions, slurries, melts) into granular solids in one step through drying. Although this process has been applied in industry for several years, there is still a lack of understanding the physical fundamentals and the mechanisms by which spherical granules are formed. Hence a new method was developed which allows the direct observation of the subsequent particle-forming mechanisms such as droplet deposition, spreading, wetting and drying. The authors will present a laboratory scale apparatus in which a single freely suspended particle can be coated under well defined and constant coating and drying conditions. With this device, particle-growth-rate and the development of particle morphology were measured and investigated under various experimental conditions.     

惠南庄泵站计算机监控系统结构及特点

惠南庄泵站是南水北调中线工程唯一的泵站,担负着向北京市供水的重要任务.文中从泵站的工程背景及运行方式出发,提出了泵站计算机监控系统的设计原则,详细阐述了系统的开放式分层分布结构、主要设备的配置及功能,并对系统的主要特点进行了分析与总结,可供大中型泵站计算机监控系统的设计及施工借鉴.     

电网技术支持系统的信息分类与优化管理

大运行体系下的“调控合一”模式是为了提高工作效率,而大量的无效告警信息却严重阻碍了效率的提高。为此提出了电网技术支持系统信息分类优化管理方法,分析大量告警信息存在的原因,通过管理为主、技术为辅的手段,实现电网技术支持系统的信息分层、分流与优化,有效提高电网调控人员的工作效率。     

室外空气对地铁隧道烟气返流长度的影响

在真实地铁隧道内开展热烟试验,验证 FDS 模拟结果的正确性。建立地铁隧道三维物理模型,采用 FDS 研究室外空气设计参数对隧道火灾烟气返流长度和临界风速的影响。研究结果表明,室外空气设计参数对烟气返流长度和临界风速有较大的影响。室外空气温度越低,地铁隧道火灾烟气返流长度越长。 室外空气湿度越大,地铁隧道火灾烟气返流长度越短。室外大气压力越大,地铁隧道火灾烟气返流长度越短。     

Squeezing Molecularly Thin Alkane Lubrication Films: Layering Transitions and Wear

The properties of alkane lubricants confined between two approaching solids are investigated by a model that accounts for the curvature and the elastic properties of the solid surfaces. We consider linear alkane molecules of different chain lengths, C₃H₈, C₄H₁₀, C₈H₁₈, C₉H₂₀, C₁₀H₂₂, C₁₂H₂₆, and C₁₄H₃₀ confined between smooth gold surfaces. We observe well-defined molecular layers develop in the lubricant film when the width of the film is of the order of a few atomic diameters. An external squeezing-pressure induces discontinuous changes in the number n of lubricant layers. We find that with increasing alkane chain length, the transition from n to n - 1 layers occurs at higher pressure, as expected based on the increasing wettability with increasing chain length. We obtain good correlation between our theoretical results and wear experiments.     

露头碳酸盐岩旋回层序的识别与划分

在海相碳酸盐岩新区勘探中，露头层序地层学是一种重要的勘探手段。归纳了露头碳酸盐岩米级旋回层序的识别特征和划分依据，识别和测量了北京西山丁家滩剖面的米级旋回层序，并分析其垂直叠加型式，划分了长周期旋回层序。结果表明，通常是４～６个向上变厚并变浅的米级旋回层序构成一个五级旋回层序；４个总体向上变厚并变浅的五级旋回层序构成一个四级旋回层序；３～５个四级旋回层序构成一个更大级别的总体向上变厚变浅的序列。图１表１参６（邹冬平摘）     

锅炉分层燃烧装置在链条炉上的应用

分析了朱庄矿、岱河矿、芦岭矿 3个单位使用链条锅炉的运行缺陷 ,采用分层燃烧技术进行锅炉改造 ,取得显著的经济效益     

不动管柱换层采油工艺技术与应用

胜利油田已进入高含水中后期采油阶段 ,应用新开发的不动管柱换层采油工艺技术 ,取得了很好的分层开采效果。对这项工艺技术的分析表明 ,该项工艺技术的创新点在于 :(1)管柱满足直井、大斜度井、定向井机械控水的使用要求 ;(2 )设计了密封可靠、解封安全的Y4 41E型液压封隔器及其配套工具 ;(3)YK型液压换层开关换层可靠 ,性能稳定 ;(4)可随意换层生产 ,减轻了层间生产矛盾 ,降低了作业成本。     

Width-restricted layering of acyclic digraphs with consideration of dummy nodes

This paper deals with the problem of finding graph layerings restricted to a given maximal width. However, other than previous approaches for width-restricted layering, we take into account the space for dummy nodes, which are introduced by edges crossing a layer. The main result is that the problem of finding a width-restricted layering under consideration of dummy nodes is NP-complete even when all regular nodes have the same constant width and all dummy nodes have the same constant width.