Hybrid Photopatterned Enzymatic Reaction (HyPER) for in Situ Cell Manipulation

The ability to design artificial extracellular matrices as cell‐instructive scaffolds has opened the door to technologies capable of studying the fate of cells in vitro and to guiding tissue repair in vivo. One main component of the design of artificial extracellular matrices is the incorporation of biochemical cues to guide cell phenotype and multicellular organization. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of proteins that present a variety of spatially discrete signals to residing cell populations. In contrast, most engineered ECMs do not mimic this heterogeneity. In recent years, photo‐deprotection has been used to spatially immobilize signals. However, this approach has been limited mostly to small peptides. Here we combine photo‐deprotection with enzymatic reaction to achieve spatially controlled immobilization of active bioactive signals that range from small molecules to large proteins. A peptide substrate for transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIIIa) was caged with a photo‐deprotectable group, which was then immobilized to the bulk of a cell‐compatible hydrogel. With focused light, the substrate can be deprotected and used to immobilize patterned bioactive signals. This approach offers an innovative strategy to immobilize delicate bioactive signals, such as growth factors, without loss of activity and enables in situ cell manipulation of encapsulated cells.     

A model approach to assess the long-term trends of indirect photochemistry in lake water. The case of Lake Maggiore (NW Italy)

A model-based approach is here developed and applied to predict the long-term trends of indirect photochemical processes in the surface layer (5 m water depth) of Lake Maggiore, NW Italy. For this lake, time series of the main parameters of photochemical importance that cover almost two decades are available. As a way to assess the relevant photochemical reactions, the modelled steady-state concentrations of important photogenerated transients (^•OH, ³CDOM* and CO₃^-•) were taken into account. A multivariate analysis approach was adopted to have an overview of the system, to emphasise relationships among chemical, photochemical and seasonal variables, and to highlight annual and long-term trends. Over the considered time period, because of the decrease of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of water and of the increase of alkalinity, a significant increase is predicted for the steady-state concentrations of the radicals ^•OH and CO₃^−•. Therefore, the photochemical degradation processes that involve the two radical species would be enhanced. Another issue of potential photochemical importance is related to the winter maxima of nitrate (a photochemical ^•OH source) and the summer maxima of DOC (^•OH sink and ³CDOM* source) in the lake water under consideration. From the combination of sunlight irradiance and chemical composition data, one predicts that the processes involving ^•OH and CO₃^−• would be most important in spring, while the reactions involving ³CDOM* would be most important in summer.     

PdxSy材料的制备及其在催化领域的研究进展

在催化领域,Pd_xS_y多年来一直被认为是金属钯中毒形成的不良产物而不受重视。但是近年来,Pd_xS_y材料被发现在催化加氢、催化氧化、电催化以及可见光催化制氢方面表现出独特的催化性能。本文比较了Pd_xS_y材料的传统制备方法和绿色创新合成技术,综述了Pd_xS_y材料作为催化剂在催化加氢、催化氧化、电催化以及可见光催化制氢方面的研究工作。比较发现,Pd_xS_y材料的传统制备方法存在毒害大、三废多、周期长等缺点,这些缺点在很大程度上限制了该材料的发展前景,需要在制备方法上进行更深入的创新研究。同时,Pd_xS_y材料在多个催化领域,尤其是在可见光催化制氢方面的优异性能,使其在催化材料领域备受关注。     

Photodynamic antifungal activities of nanostructured fabrics grafted with rose bengal and phloxine B against Aspergillus fumigatus

This study demonstrates that nanostructured fabrics grafted with rose bengal (RB) and phloxine B (PB) have photodynamic antifungal effects on Aspergillus fumigatus. RB and PB were attached to vinyl benzyl chloride, and, subsequently, this was polymerized with acrylic acid and styrene sulfonic acid to produce long, water‐soluble polymers to attach to the fabric surface. This gave high grafting yield and photodynamic antifungal activity against A. fumigatus. In RB and PB microdilution tests, there was no visible turbidity at 63 µmol/L. When polymerized RB and PB were incorporated into fabrics, the actions of polymerized RB and PB resulted in less hyphal growth and germination of conidia on A. fumigatus than the free RB and PB dyes. Nanostructured fabrics created by bonding RB‐ or PB‐containing polymers to electrospun nylon mats exhibited higher concentrations of the dyes, equivalent to 86 µmol/L. The microstructured fabrics created by bonding RB‐ or PB‐containing polymers to spunbonded nylon nonwoven fabrics only exhibited the equivalent of 32 µmol/L of the dyes. The nanostructured fabrics had a specific surface area of 28.1 m²/g, whereas the microfabric had 1.5 m²/g. Thus, the nanostructured fabrics increased the surface area 18.7× and the reflectance percent 16.2× when compared with the microstructured fabrics. This resulted in much higher photodynamic antifungal activity against A. fumigatus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42114.     

Specific cationic photoinitiators for near UV and visible LEDs: Iodonium versus ferrocenium structures

Two iodonium salts based on a coumarin chromophore are investigated for polymerization upon light emitting diode irradiations (LEDs). They work as one‐component photoinitiators. They initiate the cationic polymerization of epoxides (under air) and vinylethers (laminate) upon exposure to violet LEDs (385 and 405 nm). Excellent polymerization profiles are recorded. Their efficiency is quite similar to that of a ferrocenium salt. Interpenetrating polymer networks can also be obtained through a concomitant cationic/radical photopolymerization of an epoxy/acrylate blend monomer. The light absorption properties of these new salts as well as the involved photochemical mechanisms are investigated for the first time through electron spin resonance, laser flash photolysis, steady state photolysis experiments. Molecular orbital calculations are also used to shed some light on the initiation mechanisms. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42759.     

Synthesis of a PPV‐fluorene derivative: Applications in luminescent devices

Synthesis of a polyfluorene/poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) derivative, the Poly [(9,9′‐di‐hexylfluorenediylvinylene‐alt‐1,4‐phenylenevinylene)‐co‐((9,9′‐(3‐t‐butylpropanoate) fluorene‐1,4‐phenylene)] (LaPPS 42) was performed following Wittig and Suzuki routes. Polyfluorenes and derivatives have been used in electroluminescent devices, and the synthesis described here has the advantage in pave the way to get distinct structures having different emission spectra. An extensive study of its electrochemical, thermomechanical, optical, and structural properties was carried out, as well as its application in electroluminescent devices. Polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) were built using LaPPS 42 as active layer, and their electric and optical characterizations confirm they have a potential as active element in electroluminescent devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42579.     

Water vapor solubility of poly(lactic acid) films modified the surface by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation

Surface modification of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) film is performed via 172 nm excimer lamp irradiation. Effects on water vapor solubility and physical properties via vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation are studied systematically. After VUV irradiation, water vapor solubility increases approximately 11–43% in the low‐pressure region and approximately 20–38% in the high‐pressure region as surface hydrophilicity increased. The increase is attributed to hydrogen bonding with the carboxyl groups because of VUV radiation. The modified layer is significantly swelling after water vapor sorption. The hydrophilic layer forms a thickness of 2–3 μm from the irradiated surface via VUV radiation, but no changes are observed inside the irradiated film. Therefore, PLA film solubility after irradiation is enhanced by hydrophilicity and the swelling effect of the surface. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42200.     

Anticorrosion reinforcement of waterborne polyacrylate coating with nano-TiO2 loaded graphene

Photocathodic protection coatings have been widely applied in various areas such as ship and architectural protection, or chemical industry. In this work, a composite of titanium dioxide loaded with reduced graphene oxide (RGO/TiO₂) was prepared and used as filler on waterborne polyacrylate (PA) coating to reinforce the metal protection against corrosion. Compared with the current filler of zinc phosphate used for anticorrosive coating, the photoelectrochemical properties of RGO/TiO₂-PA coating exhibit improved photocathodic protection under visible light illumination since RGO/TiO₂ composite has significant superiority in enhancing metal protection due to its dispersion, micropore blocking ability, and photoelectrochemical conversion performance. The mechanism of anticorrosion reinforcement of RGO/TiO₂-PA coating was hypothesized that graphene provides an extrabarrier layer to obstruct corrosive in dark condition and photocathodic protection under lighting. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48733.     

基于阳极氧化法的TiO2纳米管制备及生成过程分析

运用阳极氧化法制备TiO₂纳米管，探讨了TiO₂纳米管紫外光催化净化头孢噻肟钠抗生素废水的效果，采用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对TiO₂纳米管进行了表征分析。SEM结果显示，制备的TiO₂材料表面呈阵列排布的多孔状，内径大小均匀，管径分布在30~45nm之间，管阵列呈蜂窝状，与钛板表面垂直，对比煅烧前后的TiO₂纳米管XRD图，发现煅烧后样品的XRD图出现了TiO₂锐钛矿型特征衍射峰和金红石型特征衍射峰。讨论了TiO₂纳米管的生成机理，认为纳米管的形成过程主要有最初氧化层的形成、孔核的形成、由孔核演变成微孔、微孔生长并出现空隙、形成纳米阵列管过程。