电沉积法制备CuInSe2薄膜的组成与形貌

采电沉积法制备了CuInSe2薄膜材料，研究了制备工艺条件对材料组成、结构与性能的影响。研究结果表明：最佳的沉积电位范围为-0．6～0．8V（vsSCE）；硒化退火是获得高质量CuInSe，薄膜的必要过程，硒化退火温度应控制在440～610℃范围内；在不同沉积电位和不同电解质浓度组成溶液中，通过电沉积并在500℃下硒化退火均可获得黄铜矿结构CuInSe2多晶薄膜；沉积电位的负移会使膜层中CuInSe2的相对含量增加，晶型完善，且杂相减少；随着电解质浓度的增加，电沉积CuInSe2退火后结晶程度变好，颗粒变得粗壮，致密性也有所改善；电沉积并硒化退火后薄膜中的铜铟摩尔比受沉积电位和电解质浓度影响较大，当沉积电位为-0．7和-0．8V时，铜铟摩尔比约为1较为理想，且铜铟摩尔比的变化与电解液中CuCl2和InCl3的摩尔比变化一致。     

AlF3添加剂和焙烧温度对铝电解炭阳极过电位的影响

在实验室制备各类AlF3掺杂试验阳极，在测试其基本物理化学性能的基础上，采用“改进断电流法”进行阳极过电位测试，研究AlF3添加剂和阳极焙烧温度对阳极过电位的影响。结果表明：在一定条件下，阳极中添加AlF3既可降低阳极的空气／CO2反应活性，也可降低阳极过电位；受高温脱S等因素的影响，阳极的电化学活性及其空气／CO2反应活性并未随着焙烧温度的提高相应降低。     

75kA导流槽磁场及其引起的铝液流场模拟分析

以商用有限元计算软件ANSYS为计算平台,对75kA导流型铝电解槽电磁场和电磁力场分布及其对铝液流动和波动的影响进行了模拟计算。结果表明：阴极斜坡表面电磁场和电磁力场分布基本呈沿电解槽长轴对称分布,且电磁力与重力方向相同,这有利于阴极表面电磁力向聚铝沟排放,而在电磁力作用下,聚铝沟内铝液波动最大幅度为0.021m,仍保持在安全范围之内,不会引起两极短路现象的发生,表明在现有75kA普通预焙槽母线配置方案下,可以维持导流型结构电解槽的正常运行。     

Effect of adding methods of metallic phase on microstructure and thermal shock resistance of Ni/（90NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermets

Ball mixing and electroless plating were respectively used as the adding methods of metallic phase to prepare Ni/（90NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermets for the inert anode in aluminum electrolysis. The microstructure and thermal shock resistance of cermet samples were studied. The results show that, for the samples prepared by ball mixing method, aggregation of metallic phase is found in either the green blocks or sintered samples and the extent of aggregation increases with the increase of metal content. For 6.5Ni/（90NiFe2O4-10NiO） cermets prepared with electroless plating method, the homogeneous and fine metallic particles are found in either the green compacts or sintered samples, but the relative density and thermal shock residual strength decrease by 3% and 28%-58% respectively, compared with samples prepared with ball mixing method.     

Preparation and properties of 4.25Cu-0.75Ni/NiFe_2O_4 cermet

1INTRODUCTION NiFe2O4cermets,whichareexpectedtobe usedastheinertanodesforaluminumelectrolysis, havelowcorrosionandoxidation,goodelectricalconductivityandhighthermalshockresistance[15]. Nickelferritespinelformsacorrosion resistant networkthatcontainstheelectricallyconductivecopper basedmetallicphase.Especially,Gregget al[6]foundacermetofNiFe2O4 18%NiO 17%Cu (massfraction),whichshowedfavorablecorrosion andconductivitypropertiesasinertanodesinsmalllaboratorycells.However,itwasalsoshowedth…     

NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的电导率

制备了铝电解用NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷惰性阳极,研究了环境温度及材料成分对电导率的影响.实验结果表明NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的电导率主要受温度、陶瓷基体电导率、金属成分及金属相在陶瓷相中分散度的影响;当温度从573 K升至1 233 K时,NiFe2O4陶瓷的电导率由0.099 S/cm提高到2.105 S/em;与NiFe2O4陶瓷相比,金属陶瓷的电导率有极大的提高,但二者随温度的变化趋势是一致的;1 233 K时,金属含量为5%Ni,5%Cu和4.25%Cu+0.75%Ni的NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷的电导率分别为20.576 S/cm,14.970 S/cm和18.797 S/cm,用作铝电解惰性阳极已能满足要求,但与当前铝电解碳素阳极材料相比还存在很大距离.     

复合氧化物陶瓷在Na3AlF6—Al2O3熔体中的溶解性

用等温饱和法测定了NiFe2O4，ZnFe2O4，ZnAl2O4在Na3A1F6-A12O3熔体中的溶解度，研究了电解质温度、A12O3浓度和NaF与A1F3的分子比对NiFe2O4溶解度的影响．试验结果表明：NiFe2O4组元中Ni和Fe在熔盐中的饱和溶解度分别为0．0085％和0．0700％；ZnFe2O4组元中Zn和Fe的饱和溶解度别为0．0313％和0．0700％；ZnAl2O4组元中Zn的饱和溶解度为0．0265％；NiFe2O4在铝电解质熔盐中具有较强的抗腐蚀性能，是一种较好的金属陶瓷惰性阳极基体材料；NiFe2O4的溶解过程受离解及离解产物NiO与Fe2O3的化学溶解2个过程的控制，为提高NiFe2O4基陶瓷材料的耐腐蚀性能，宜采用低电解温度、低分子比和高氧化铝浓度等电解条件．     

超级电容器碳电极材料的制备及性能

以普通煤焦油沥青为前驱体,KOH为活化剂,采用化学活化法,在500~1 000℃下制备了超级电容器用活性炭电极材料,分析了温度对材料微观结构的影响。通过循环伏安、交流阻抗和恒流充放电等方法,分析了不同多孔活性炭在有机电解液中的电化学行为。在500~700℃内,比电容随活化温度的升高而升高,700℃下活化的活性炭的比电容最高;活化温度在700℃以上,活性炭的比电容降低。在700~1 000℃下制备的活性炭,在有机电解液中表现出良好的电化学行为。     

K助剂活化沥青用于石油焦中粉焦成型的研究

以常温活化沥青作为粉焦成型用胶粘剂,并在此基础上研制了可使粉焦常温低压成型的K助剂活化沥青胶粘剂。研究结果表明:当m(粉焦)=100 g、w(沥青)=12%、V(助剂K)=4.0～5.0 mL、V(水)=12 mL、成型压力为15.92 MPa和保压时间为60 s时,经1 300℃煅烧后粉焦熟块具有相对最好的综合性能,其体积电阻率小于560.00μΩ.m,真密度高于2.05 g/cm3;K助剂活化沥青胶粘剂能有效提高粉焦的利用率,具有良好的实际应用价值。     

Sintering of the NiFe2O4-10NiO/xNi Cermet

The sintering behavior of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/xNi cermet which was used as the most prospective inert anode materials for aluminum electrolysis was studied by examining the effects of raw powder particle size, sintering temperature, and the contents of Ni. The results show that fine particle size enables the powder to have high driving force for sintering. High temperature is beneficial to densification, but the ultra-high temperature does harm to the improvement of the density. The samples of NiFe2O4-10NiO/SNi has the highest relative density of 97.28 % when it is sintered at 1 350 ℃, but it decreases to 95.23 % when sintered at 1 400 ℃. Low addition of Ni has a great help to the sintering of NiFe2 O4-10NiO matrix. When the samples are sintered at 1 350 ℃ and the mass fraction of Ni is 5%, the highest relative density is gained, but the density decreases with the further increase of Ni contents. The low density of the sintered samples of NiFe2 O4-10NiO/17Ni is attributed to the high volume fraction of pores.