China review: Status and potential of renewable energy in China

Renewable energy is in a rapid development stage in China, and some technologies are in commercialisation or near commercialisation and have large development potential from resource, technology and industry points. Renewable energy has begun to play a role in the energy structure, and it has the potential for large scale development. According to the national target, renewable power will represent 12% of the total power capacity in China in 2020. It is expected that it will reach 30% or even more in the 2040s and renewable energy will be an important substitute energy at that time.     

一种新的精炼太阳能级多晶硅工艺的热力学分析(英文)

提出了一种新的硅精炼工艺生产太阳能级多晶硅,即Si-Al熔体低温凝固精炼硅技术。通过杂质在固相硅和Si-Al熔体中的分离热力学分析研究了采用Si-Al熔体分区凝固精炼硅的可行性。用温度梯度区域熔炼法来测定磷和硼的分离比,采用热力学计算金属杂质的分离比。新工艺具有很小的杂质低温分离比,表明其有很好的精炼能力。采用感应加热分区凝固实验进行验证;对Si-Al合金定向凝固中硅晶体生长进行了研究,结果表明,硅晶体的生长过程是受扩散控制的。     

High-strain-rate superplasticity in oxide ceramics:a trial of microstructural design based on creep-cavitation mechanisms

From existing knowledge about high-temperature cavitation mechanisms,necessary conditions were discussed for the suppression of cavitation failure during superplastic deformation in ceramic materials.The discussion,where special attention was placed on the relaxation of stress concentrations during grain-boundary sliding and cavity nucleation and growth,leaded to a conclusion that cavitation failure could be retarded by the simultaneous controlling of the initial grain size,the number of residual defects,diffusivity,dynamic grain growth and the homogeneity of microstructure.On the basis of this conclusion,high-strain-rate superplasticity (defined as superplasticity at a strain rate higher than 0.01 s-1) could be intentionally attained in some oxide ceramic materials.This was shown in tetragonal zirconia and composites consisting of zirconia,α-alumina and a spinel phase.     

Cyclic-Oxidation Behavior of Multilayered Pt/Ru-Modified Aluminide Coating

Multilayered Pt/Ru modified aluminide coating for thermal barrier coating(TBC) systems has been investigated.2 μm Pt+2 μm Ru+2 μm Pt was first deposited on nickel-base superalloy DZ125 by electrodeposition,and then the coating was treated by annealing and a conventional pack-cementation aluminizing process.The cyclic oxidation tests were carried out at 1423 K in air.It was found that the thermal cyclic oxidation resistance of Pt/Ru-modified aluminide coating was comparable to that of Pt-modified aluminide coating,which was much better than simply aluminized DZ125.The addition of Ru to Pt-modified aluminide coating increased the resistance to rumpling.The microstructures and phase constitutions of the coating before and after oxidation were investigated.     

直线电动机静态横向边端效应研究

边端效应是直线电动机理论研究中的一个重要问题,本文应用保角变换方法对直线电动机空载磁场横向边缘的分布进行研究,提出在直线电动机的电磁设计吲入第三气隙系数,从而使计算精度提高。实验与计算基本吻合。     

垂直晶界和倾斜晶界Cu双晶的疲劳开裂行为及其机制

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）研究了一种垂直晶界和两种倾斜晶界Ｃｕ双晶的疲劳开裂行为及其机制。这三种双晶组元晶体的取向均为「１３４」。结果表明,沿晶界的疲劳开裂是Ｃｕ双晶疲劳破坏的主要形式,但垂直晶界和倾斜晶界双晶疲劳裂纹萌生的机制有所不同。垂直晶界双晶沿晶疲劳裂纹主要由驻留滑移带撞击晶界面产生,而倾斜晶界双晶疲劳裂纹的萌生是由晶界两侧晶粒的滑移台阶而引起的应力集中所致。造成这种差别的原因同两种双晶的活动滑     

Al—0.53Zn合金近快速定向凝固条件下的胞晶间距选择

利用Ｂｒｉｄｇｍａｎ装置考察了Ａｌ－０．５３Ｚｎ单相合金在近快速定向凝固条件下的胞晶间距选择规律。结果表明：在给定的温度梯度下,随着生长速度的增大,定向凝固组织均为胞状晶、胞晶间距λ的分布存在一个较宽范围,其最大,最小及平均间距随生长速度ｖ变化的实验规律可为：λｍａｘ＝９４８．５１ｖ＾－０．４９６１,λｍｉｎ＝６６１．１６ｖ＾－０．５０１５,λ＾－＝４１２．４１ｖ＾－０．５０４９。ＫＧＴ理论模型较     

关于X射线衍射法测定微观应力的表征值的讨论

本文以Ｍａｃｈｅｒａｕｃｈ内应力分类法为依据,指出存在于各个晶粒的第Ⅱ类内应力（即微观应力）的值是一个随机变量。通常由Ｘ射线衍射线的线形分析获得的所谓微观应力值只是第Ⅱ类内应力的离差;而导致衍射线附加位移的伪宏观应力是其均值,综合两者才是材料中第Ⅱ类内应力的确切表达。     

INTERFACIAL CHARACTER OF PRIMARY α_2/γLAMELLAE FOR γ-TiAl-BASED(α_2+γ) TWO-PHASE AllOY

利用金相法及TEM研究了γ-TiAl基（γ十α2）双相合金初生（α2／γ）片层形成过程中的界面特征及形成方式．发现合金中初生α2／γ片层组织是通过α→αss2→α2＋γ或α→α＋γ→α2＋γ相变方式形成的．γ片层的析出是通过在原α或αss2晶界处形核,以体积扩散控制的台阶机制生长,1000℃时γ片层的伸长速度约为（1．0—3．33）×10(-7)m／γ．并确定初生α2／γ界面为半共格,估算α2／γ界面能约为0．274J／m2．     

1.25Cr—0.5Mo中温抗氢钢的回火析出相及其对抗氢蚀能力的影响

研究了中温抗氢钢１．２５Ｃｒ－０．５Ｍｏ的回火析出相及其对抗氢蚀能力的影响,碳萃取复型的透射电镜观察显示,随回火温度升高,碳化物析出量增加,颗粒粗化,５２０和６２０℃回火析出物几乎全部为Ｍ３Ｃ;６７０℃回火析出物以Ｍ３Ｃ为主并含有少量Ｍ２３Ｃ６;７１０℃回火主要析出Ｍ２３Ｃ６,包少量的Ｍ３Ｃ,扫描电镜观察表明,充氢之后,经６２０℃回火的试样发生了严重的氢腐蚀,并导致强度和硬度的大幅度下降;