Study of stability of high‐temperature polyimides using TG/MS technique

The oxidative stability of the carbon fiber‐reinforced composite of polyimide was examined, in real time, using the evolved gas analysis techniques. Off‐gas degradation products suggested the onset temperature for chain scissions to be fairly low at about 190–220°C. Based on the off‐gas products present and the trend of their release, the composite degradation mechanism appeared to be similar between 190 and 371°C, thereby marking 371°C to be the highest accelerated aging temperature for its long‐term lifetime prediction. Beyond 371°C, different degradation mechanisms would apply. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1219–1227, 2002     

纳米TiO2光催化法处理炼油废水的研究

采用纳米TiO2光催化技术对炼油废水中COD和NH3-N进行了降解试验研究,结果表明,pH值在7～8时,纳米TiO2光催化剂的最佳用量为2.5 g/L、COD和NH3-N的最佳光照时间为4 h时和2 h时,在废水CODCr、NH3-N的质量浓度分别为1 470、91 mg/L时,处理后分别下降到700、40 mg/L左右,COD和NH3-N的降解率分别达到50.1%和55%.     

多孔TiO2陶瓷光催化剂降解糠醛废水

以钛酸四丁酯等为原料，采用简单工艺制得多孔TiO2陶瓷光催化剂；并研究了利用多孔TiO2陶瓷光催化降解糠醛废水。结果表明，在紫外灯下照射60min，糖醛废水的COD去除率可达59．8％，而通入空气有利于污染物的去除。     

STEAM OXIDATION OF CARBON FORMED BY THERMAL DEGRADATION OF PMMA IN ALUMINA

In the processing of multilayer ceramic multichip modules (MCM's), a ceramic substrate, such as alumina, along with a polymer, such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), solvents, plasticizers, flocculants, is thermally degraded before sintering. The thermal degradation of PMMA from the green body of oxide ceramics leaves behind some amount of residual carbon in the ceramic. Carbon concentration above 100 ppm has a deleterious effect on the physical properties such as fkxural strength, density, breakdown voltage and dcnsification behavior of the ceramic. This paper discusses the kinetics of oxidation of carbon formed by the thermal degradation of poly(methyt methacrylate) in alumina. Pellets of 5 urn and I urn size alumina were made at 6000 psig in a single step change. Kinetic runs were made in the temperature range of 673 to 993 K with steam as the oxidant at a flow rate of 9.96E-03 g/cm² sec. The organics (polymethyl methacrylate, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol) concentration was varied from 5 to 20 by weight%. The oxidation products were analyzed using a Varian 3700 gas chromatograph coupled with CDS 111 integrator, and by volumetric analysis. Carbon analysis was carried out at the IBM Fishkill center using a Leco analyzer. Kinetic rates and activation energies are evaluated.     

含磁性γ-Fe_2O_3核的TiO_2/Al_2O_3催化剂的制备及光催化性能

TiO2作为光催化剂,可有效地用于水处理,但存在催化剂如何回收再利用和反应器怎样放大设计的问题。该文提出了含磁性核的TiO2催化剂的合成方法,并对典型污染物的降解作了动力学研究,力求解决此类问题。首先,采用共沉法和溶胶-凝胶法制得磁载光催化剂TiO2/A l2O3/γ-Fe2O3,并对该催化剂分别用TEM和XRD进行了形貌和晶相表征。随后,研究了该催化剂对可溶性染料中间体对硝基甲苯邻磺酸(NTS)和直接耐酸大红染料(4BS)的光催化降解性能。结果表明:该催化剂在水溶液中具有良好的分散效果和较高的催化活性,以250 W高压汞灯为光源,经1.5 h的光催化降解,染料去除率可达90%以上;在外加磁场的作用下,催化剂可与液相迅速分离。经实验数据处理,发现NTS在该催化剂上的光催化降解过程符合零级反应动力学模型。     

硫酸铁改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷

在硫酸铁改性活性炭存在下，微波照射能使溶液中的甲基对硫磷迅速降解。对25、100mg／L的甲基对硫磷溶液，改性活性炭0．4g／L，微波照射3．0min，降解率达77．18％。适当提高改性活性炭加入量，同样照射时间即可达96．90％。而采用未改性活性炭甲基对硫磷降解率为93．20％。结果表明，微波照射下改性活性炭的催化活性明显高于未改性活性炭。另外，采用紫外．可见光谱和离子色谱技术探讨了微波照射时间、甲基对硫磷初始浓度和酸度、活性炭用量、改性液硫酸铁浓度和酸度对改性活性炭催化微波降解甲基对硫磷的影响。     

Evaluation of humic acid photocatalytic degradation by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy

Photodegradation of humic substances causes drastic changes in the UV–vis absorption and fluorescence properties of humic acids. In this study it is intended to fulfill the lack of knowledge about the spectral changes of humic acids during photocatalytic oxidation processes and elucidate the effects observed on the molecular size distribution of humic acid focusing on their analysis by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.

As confirmed by the spectroscopic evaluation of the molecular size distribution data, photocatalytic degradation of humic acid leads to the formation of lower molecular size (small fractions) and higher UV absorbing compounds. For fractions less than 10 kDa, UV₂₅₄ absorbing moieties in treated humic acid samples become higher than that of raw humic acid designating the generation of new species during photocatalysis. UV–vis spectroscopic changes were also evaluated by the parameters relating to the concomitant removal of the total organic carbon as well as by the ratios using absorption values at discrete wavelengths. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra of treated humic acid samples show decreasing intensity profiles with increasing photocatalytic irradiation time.     

TiO_2薄膜光催化降解甲基橙反应动力学研究

以甲基橙为模型污染物、TiO2薄膜为光催化剂,在自制的光催化反应器上进行了光催化降解反应实验,主要研究了甲基橙初始浓度(c0)和紫外光光照强度(I)对其光催化降解反应的影响。结果表明,该降解反应可用一级反应动力学方程进行描述,反应速率常数(k)与c0及光强I的关系分别为:k∝c0-1 4和k∝I0.65。     

Flow-induced degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in porous media

Summary In this work we present an experimental study of flow-induced degradation of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide in aqueous solutions flowing through porous media. The degradation is analyzed by passing the solution repeatedly through the medium at a constant flow velocity and the degraded solution is then characterized by porous media and opposed jets flows. When the polyacrylamide is dissolved in deionized water, it exhibits a gradual extension thickening in the flow through porous media and opposed jets. In this case, the polymer degrades as it passes through the porous medium even at relatively low flow rates. When the polyacrylamide is dissolved in an NaCl solution, it exhibits critical extension thickening in porous media flows, and it only degrades at Reynolds numbers that are higher than the onset of the extension thickening behavior. Chain degradation is therefore only encountered when extension thickening is produced. The results also show that the extent of degradation decreases as the pore size decreases.