Food Science and Biotechnology - The effects of microwave (90 W and 180 W), hot air (60 and 70 °C) and vacuum (60 and 70 °C with 200 and... 相似文献
In this study, to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of eight different pekmez and pestil samples, total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were determined at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. For the analysis of antioxidant activity, four different methods were used including 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazil, ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that the dialysed fraction (IN) represented 12–50%, 3–17% and 3–72% of the total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, respectively. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity of IN fraction was 2–57% of the initial values obtained for pekmez and pestil samples. To identify the influence of simulated in vitro GI digestion on total anthocyanins, only black mulberry molasses (pekmez) and plum leather (pestil) were analysed and according to the results no anthocyanins were detected in the IN fraction for both samples. The present study presented a detailed insight of bioaccessibility of polyphenols in various pekmez and pestil samples. 相似文献
In this study, treatment sludge obtained from a chemical-metal finishing industry, which contained potentially toxic heavy metals and organics, was characterized, and the performance of the solidification/stabilization (S/S) of the sludge was discussed. The hazard characteristics of the waste were determined by means of extraction procedure toxicity test and DIN 38414-S4 Test, as defined in both Turkish and USEPA regulations. S/S studies were conducted using Portland cement to solidify the sludge containing high concentrations of total organic carbon, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The waste/binder ratios of 36 sludge specimens were kept between 0/100 and 40/100. The specimens were cured at room temperature for 7, 28, and 90 days. The compressive strengths of the specimens were measured to determine the feasibility of using solidified waste sludge as construction materials. The compressive strength values indicated that specimens could be potentially used as construction materials. The heavy metal and organic contents of the extracts of each specimen were detected in concentrations which were lower than the standard concentrations in EPTox and DIN 38414-S4 leaching procedures for the most part. 相似文献
The special interaction between 3-aminophenylboronic acid and monosaccharides, particularly glucose, fructose and galactose, has been investigated and used for the development of electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based saccharide sensors. The binding constants and thermodynamic parameters of interaction such as free energy of binding (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) were determined for the first time using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed the enthalpic and entropic contributions to the free energies of binding. Effects of pH and buffer on the binding constants (k) between 3-aminophenylboronic acid and monosaccharides were also examined. The binding constant of fructose was found to be six times higher than glucose and four times higher than galactose at pH 11, leading the specific detection of fructose. SPR and potentiometric calibration for fructose were linear in the concentration range of 10–120 mM and 8–84 mM, respectively. Limit of detection of the SPR and potentiometric method were found to be as 8.9 mM and 1.4 mM, respectively. 相似文献
Photodegradation of humic substances causes drastic changes in the UV–vis absorption and fluorescence properties of humic acids. In this study it is intended to fulfill the lack of knowledge about the spectral changes of humic acids during photocatalytic oxidation processes and elucidate the effects observed on the molecular size distribution of humic acid focusing on their analysis by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy.
As confirmed by the spectroscopic evaluation of the molecular size distribution data, photocatalytic degradation of humic acid leads to the formation of lower molecular size (small fractions) and higher UV absorbing compounds. For fractions less than 10 kDa, UV254 absorbing moieties in treated humic acid samples become higher than that of raw humic acid designating the generation of new species during photocatalysis. UV–vis spectroscopic changes were also evaluated by the parameters relating to the concomitant removal of the total organic carbon as well as by the ratios using absorption values at discrete wavelengths. Moreover, the fluorescence spectra of treated humic acid samples show decreasing intensity profiles with increasing photocatalytic irradiation time. 相似文献
This paper provides an overview of the existing situation in Turkey and studies how this could become more attractive for the implementation of autonomous desalination systems (ADS). The analysis covers relevant policy and programmes, legislation and administrative procedures, water prices and subsidies, institutional framework of the water sector, capacity building and general awareness. In general, the framework conditions in Turkey are relatively good. The policy direction towards decentralisation will favour ADS. Many programmes offer support for water supply and renewable energy and there are simplified administrative procedures. On the other hand, water policy favours traditionally centralised conventional solutions. The awareness about ADS is very low and the research in the field still restricted. In this paper, concrete recommendations have been developed that suggest simple steps for the establishment of ADS in Turkey. 相似文献
Dried fruits and nuts are considered as healthy snacks and they are often consumed together in the Turkish diet. In order to investigate the effect of codigestion of dried fruits (figs, apricots, raisins) together with nuts (almonds, walnuts, hazelnuts), total phenolics (TP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) have been evaluated spectrophotometrically at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion, using an in vitro model. TP, ABTS and CUPRAC results revealed that for all fruit–nut mixtures, the amount recovered in the dialyzed fraction was lower than the recovery of fruits or nuts alone, indicating an antagonistic effect. On the other hand, DPPH results showed that for fig–walnut, fig–hazelnut and apricot–hazelnut mixtures the quantity recovered in the dialyzed fractions were 35–107% higher than the recovery of fruits or nuts alone, representing a synergistic effect. Similarly, FRAP results also demonstrated a synergistic effect in case of fig–walnut, apricot–walnut and apricot–hazelnut mixtures (10–74% higher recovery). Current study provides valuable insights into the changes taking place during in vitro GI digestion of dried fruits and nuts. 相似文献
A statistical model approach called response surface methodology was used to describe the product and substrate inhibition effect on β-galactosidase enzyme during lactose hydrolysis. The effect of independent variables, namely the initial concentrations of lactose (73 - 146 mM), galactose (44 - 122 mM) and glucose (83 - 167 mM) on the reaction rate of β-galactosidase was evaluated. The enzymatic reaction rate was influenced by both combined and individual effects of all the substrate and products. Although, glucose acted as an activator at low lactose and low galactose concentrations, glucose caused the inhibition of β-galactosidase at higher concentrations of lactose and galactose. The effect of galactose concentration on β-galactosidase enzyme was in the direction of inhibition. At low lactose concentrations and high glucose concentrations, galactose concentration became more effective on the reaction rate. 相似文献