超声方式和分散时间对钼钨粉末粒度测量的影响

利用激光衍射法对钼、钨粉末进行粒度测量,分别从超声方式和超声时间上对测量条件进行研究。结果表明:对钼粉,宜在大功率超声装置上将样品分散10 min后进行测量;对于钨粉,宜在大功率超声装置上将样品分散20 min后进行测量。     

光电干扰箔片抛撒与扩散试验研究

采用两种状态箔片(直径49.5mm,厚0.15mm,1g;直径47mm,厚0.05mm,0.5g)研究了光电干扰箔片抛撒与云团扩散问题。设计了试验模型、试验方案并提出网格图层的数字图像处理方法。通过抛撒各阶段云团发展状态的高速数字图像记录和参数统计,清晰地反映了装填密集度较高情况下的箔片出舱、分离、扩散动态过程。提取单个箔片运动轨迹,显示出箔片的速度衰减与沉降特性。对散布云团结构进行统计分析,结果表明大数量箔片抛撒在气流作用下由尾部开始分离扩散,并出现集束段断层,各集束段时序扩散,形成锥形云团,首尾融合。在此基础上建立了锥体云团膨胀模型,有效描述出大数量箔片云团膨胀过程及其发展形态。     

聚酰胺用蓝色母粒的制备与分散性能研究

以低密度聚乙烯为载体树脂,酞菁蓝为颜料,聚乙烯蜡、乙烯丙烯酸共聚物(AC–540A)为分散剂,用双螺杆挤出造粒法制备颜料含量为20%的蓝色母粒。将制得的蓝色母粒用于聚酰胺(PA)6的着色。评价了不同分散剂种类及含量对PA6色彩性能和颜料分散性能的影响。结果表明,选用AC–540A为分散剂,其含量为3%时,PA6制品的–b*值最大(蓝色最明显),反射率最高,透射率最低,以偏光显微镜观察发现酞菁蓝颜料在PA6中分散均匀。     

Stabilization of nano-TiO2 aqueous dispersions with poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) block copolymer and their incorporation in photocatalytic acrylic varnishes

In this work, TiO₂ nanoparticles were dispersed and stabilized in water using a novel type of dispersant based on tailor-made amphiphilic block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (mPEG-b-P4VP) prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The performance of this new block copolymer as dispersant was compared to a polyelectrolyte dispersant commonly used for TiO₂, sodium salt of polyacrylic acid (Na-PAA). The effect of dispersion technique and type and amount of dispersant on deagglomeration and stability of the TiO₂ aqueous suspensions were studied. After incorporation in a standard waterborne acrylic varnish formulation, dry film transparency, photocatalytic activity, and nanoparticle cluster size were also evaluated. The results show that mPEG-b-P4VP copolymer with appropriate block lengths can have a better performance than Na-PAA in terms of aqueous dispersion stabilization and cluster size reduction in the acrylic matrix. This translates into higher film transparency and photocatalytic performance.     

Spark plasma sintering of oxides and carbide dispersed zirconia inert matrix fuels

Zirconia-based inert matrix fuels reinforced by ZrC were synthesized via spark plasma sintering (SPS). Composites with full density were obtained. In order to prevent the oxidation introduced by dispersed ZrC in the bulk composite, SiC and ZrB₂ were later added into the composite and their capability to improve oxidation resistance was examined. SiC was found to form an oxidation layer which could enhance the oxidation resistance. In addition, micro hardness was improved attributing to effective sintering facilitated by silica flow and distribution of ZrC. With an optimum sintering condition and the addition of SiC, thermal conductivity was improved at higher temperature with the help of unoxidized ZrC reinforcement in the bulk composite.     

BTBCT-Eu~(3+):改性纳米硅粒子合成及性能研究

本文采用溶剂热液法合成改性纳米硅乳液,在纳米硅中引入无机及金属离子,使制备的BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅乳液的稳定性更好。分别制备了4,4'-bis(1',1',1'-trifluoro-2',4'-butanedione-6'-yl)-chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl(简称BTBCT)和1,10-菲罗啉为配体、以稀土铕为中心离子,纳米硅及改性纳米硅为载体,制备BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅分散液,采用SEM、TEM、荧光光度计进行表征。研究表明,制备的BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅粒子及1,10-菲罗啉(phen)-Eu:纳米硅粒子的粒径为50~60nm、BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅配合物缓冲溶液分散液存放时间大于6个月;纳米硅的改性不影响BTBCT-Eu配合物的发射光谱强度;改性纳米硅不改变BTBCTEu配合物发射光谱强度和发光波长。     

BTBCT-Tb~(3+):纳米氧化物粒子合成及表征

本文采用溶剂热液法合成纳米氧化物乳液,在纳米硅中引入无机及金属离子,使制备的BTBCT-Tb3+:纳米氧化物乳液的稳定性更好。以4,4'-bis(1',1',1'-trifluoro-2',4'-butanedione-6'-yl)-chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl(简称BTBCT)为配体、铽为中心离子,纳米氧化物为载体,制备BTBCT-Tb3+纳米氧化物分散液,采用SEM、TEM、荧光光度计进行表征。研究表明,制备的BTBCT-Tb3+:纳米氧化物粒子的粒径为50~60nm、BTBCT-Tb3+纳米氧化物缓冲溶液分散液存放时间大于6个月;BTBCT-Tb3+:纳米氧化物分散液的特征与Tb3+的特征发射峰491,546,587nm处相同,且在546nm处强度最大。     

超声作用对短切碳纤维在水溶液中分散性的影响

利用超声波振动对短切碳纤维进行分散。研究了超声振动功率、时间及分散剂质量分数对短切碳纤维在水溶液中分散性的影响。结果表明,超声振动和羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)分散剂的添加能显著改善短切碳纤维的分散性;在一定范围内,短切碳纤维分散率随着超声波振动功率和作用时间先增加后趋于饱和;HPMC在水溶液中的质量分数为0.13%时分散性较好,超声振动功率为800 W,振动7 min时短切碳纤维在水溶液中可达到较好的分散效果。     

水分散聚合合成两性聚丙烯酰胺

引入复合氧化还原引发体系,引发丙烯酰胺[AM）水溶液均相聚合,合成超高相对分子质量水解聚丙烯酰胺（HPAM）,并综合分析了水分散聚合法的时间-动力学曲线.结果表明,采用复合氧化还原剂引发AM聚合反应,在AM浓度31％,双官能度引发剂浓度10mg/L,聚合温度6℃,偶氮化合物25mg/L用量条件下,可以合成相对高分子质量聚丙烯酰胺.