Associated computational plasticity schemes for nonassociated frictional materials

A new methodology for computational plasticity of nonassociated frictional materials is presented. The new approach is inspired by the micromechanical origins of friction and results in a set of governing equations similar to those of standard associated plasticity. As such, procedures previously developed for associated plasticity are applicable with minor modification. This is illustrated by adaptation of the standard implicit scheme. Moreover, the governing equations can be cast in terms of a variational principle, which after discretization is solved by means of a newly developed second‐order cone programming algorithm. The effects of nonassociativity are discussed with reference to localization of deformations and illustrated by means of a comprehensive set of examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Simulation Charpy impact energy of functionally graded steels by modified stress-strain curve through mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity theory

In the present work, Charpy impact energy of functionally graded steels produced by electroslag remelting composed of graded ferritic or austenitic layers in both crack divider and crack arrester configurations has been modeled by finite element method. The yield stress of each layer was related to the density of the statistically stored dislocations of that layer and assuming by Holloman relation for the corresponding stress-strain curves, tensile strengths of the constituent layers were determined via numerical method. By using load-displacement curves acquired from instrumented Charpy impact tests on primary specimens, the obtained stress-strain curves from uniaxial tensile tests were modified. The data used for each layer in finite element modeling were predicted modified stress-strain curves obtained from strain gradient plasticity theory. A relatively good agreement between experimental results and those obtained from simulation was observed.     

Numerical approximation of incremental infinitesimal gradient plasticity

We investigate a representative model of continuum infinitesimal gradient plasticity. The formulation is an extension of classical rate‐independent infinitesimal plasticity based on the additive decomposition of the symmetric strain tensor into elastic and plastic parts. It is assumed that dislocation processes contribute to the storage of energy in the material whereby the curl of the plastic distortion appears in the thermodynamic potential and leads to an additional nonlocal backstress tensor. The formulation is cast into a numerical framework by a saddle point approximation of the corresponding minimization problem in each incremental loading step. This allows one to reformulate the (nonlocal) dissipation inequality to a point‐wise flow rule and yields a solution scheme, which is a direct extension of the standard approach in classical plasticity. Our numerical results show the regularizing effects of the additional physically motivated terms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling the response of HCP polycrystals deforming by slip and twinning using a finite element representation of the orientation space

A continuum approach is presented for predicting the constitutive response of HCP polycrystals using a simple non-hardening constitutive model incorporating both slip and twinning. This has been achieved by considering a physically based methodology for restricting the amount of the twinning activity. A continuum approach is used in modeling the texture evolution that eliminates the need for increasing the number of discrete crystal orientations to account for new orientations created by twinning during deformation. The polycrystal is represented by an orientation distribution function using the Rodrigues parameterization. A total Lagrangian framework is used to model the evolution of microstructure. Numerical examples are used to show the application of the methodology for modeling deformation processes.     

Effects of constraints on lattice re-orientation and strain in polycrystal plasticity simulations

Employing a rate-dependent crystal plasticity model implemented in a novel and fast algorithm, two instantiations of an OFHC copper microstructure have been simulated by FE modelling to 11% tensile engineering strain with two different sets of boundary conditions. Analysis of lattice rotations, strain distributions and global stress–strain response show the effect of changing from free to periodic boundary conditions to be a perturbation of a response dictated by the microstructure. Average lattice rotation for each crystallographic grain has been found to be in fair agreement with Taylor-constraint simulations while fine scale element-resolved analysis shows large deviations from this prediction. Locally resolved analysis shows the existence of large domains dominated by slip on only a few slip systems. The modelling results are discussed in the light of recent experimental advances with respect to 2- and 3-dimensional characterization and analysis methods.     

应力应变对马氏体相变动力学及相变塑性影响的研究

针对应力应变对马氏体相应动力学及相变塑性的影响进行了研究。得到了应力作用下相变动力学和相变塑性的计算模型，而且发现相变前预应变限制了相变塑性的数量和相变反应的速度，使之不能用弹性状态下得到的模型进行简单的外推，并利用应力应变诱导相变，母亲上强化等理论进行了解释。     

690MPa级海洋工程用钢的高温热塑性

利用LINSEIS L78 RITA相变仪和Gleeble3800热模拟试验机,测定了FH690海洋工程用钢相变转化的温度点和热塑性区。在1150～780 ℃温度范围时,断面收缩率都在60 %以上,热塑性很好;在1300～1150 ℃温度范围时,属于第Ⅰ脆性区,断裂原因为有大量的液相薄膜存在;在780～620 ℃温度范围时,断面收缩率逐渐降低,属于第Ⅲ脆性区,出现塑性最低值39.5 %,原因是由奥氏体转化成的铁素体膜引起的。