人母乳源乳酸菌的筛选、鉴定及益生活性的初步研究

本研究从人母乳中分离乳酸菌。采用透明圈法从产后10³0 d的人母乳样品中筛选到一株产酸能力较强的乳酸菌。对筛选菌株进行形态学观察、生理生化实验及16S r DNA序列鉴定。结果发现,该菌株为革兰氏阳性,短杆状,无芽孢;生理生化特性符合鼠李糖乳杆菌的基本特征;16S r DNA序列及进化树分析进一步确认该菌株为鼠李糖乳杆菌,命名为鼠李糖乳杆菌Z5。在p H3.0的条件下模拟人工胃肠液共消化6 h后该菌存活率仍达90%以上,在0.15 g/L胆盐质量浓度培养6 h,菌株存活率为76.14%;抑菌实验发现,菌株培养液对沙门氏菌及大肠杆菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,抑菌圈直径达20 mm以上。细胞黏附实验发现,该菌株可有效黏附到Caco-2细胞表面,对Caco-2细胞的平均黏附数为7.54×105cfu/m L。从人母乳中获得了这株具有潜在益生性质的鼠李糖乳杆菌,为明确母乳中益生菌的功效及开发新型益生菌产品研究提供了良好的实验材料。      

益生菌切达干酪成熟过程中细菌群落的多样性分析

采用选择性培养基和聚合酶链式反应和变性梯度凝胶电泳（polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis,PCR-DGGE）技术,研究益生菌切达干酪成熟过程中（6 ℃,180 d）细菌群落构成及益生菌（干酪乳杆菌LC2W）的存活情况。结果表明：SBM和MSE等选择性培养基存在选择专一性不强的缺点,不能客观反映干酪内各种微生物的动态变化;随着切达干酪成熟时间的增加,发酵剂嗜热链球菌和乳酸乳球菌的数量明显下降,而非发酵剂菌群乳杆菌的数量和主要种类呈上升趋势;干酪成熟180 d后,干酪乳杆菌LC2W的存活量仍高于1×108CFU/g。切达干酪能作为干酪乳杆菌LC2W存活的良好载体;PCR-DGGE技术和选择计数法联用更加适合干酪细菌群落结构的分析。     

双歧杆菌生理功能研究进展

双歧杆菌是存在于人和动物肠道内重要的益生菌,它与机体的许多生理、病理现象密切相关,因此成为人体健康的重要指标之一。它在调节肠道菌群、降低人体胆固醇、抗肿瘤以及在延缓人体衰老等方面的生理功能,更成为各领域专家研究的热点。本文综述了双歧杆菌热点生理功能在国内外的研究进展及应用发展前景。      

Health-promoting benefits of low-fat akawi cheese made by exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from camel milk

Lactic acid bacteria isolated from camel milk exhibit remarkable probiotic and exopolysaccharide (EPS)-producing characteristics. The health-promoting benefits of exopolysaccharide-producing probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from camel milk used for making low-fat akawi cheese were investigated. Three low-fat akawi cheeses were made using traditional culture (non-EPS-producing, EPS^?), commercial EPS-producing (MEPS⁺), and camel milk EPS-producing (CEPS⁺) cultures. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, antioxidant activities, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, and antiproliferative activity were determined. Cheese made with CEPS⁺ culture exhibited comparable α-amylase inhibition to that of cheeses made with MEPS⁺. Scavenging rates of cheese made with EPS⁺ cultures were higher than those of cheese made with EPS^? cultures. The percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition ranged from >45% at 0 d to ～55% at 21 d of storage. After 7 d of storage, the scavenging rate in CEPS⁺ cheese increased >60% by ABTS assay [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and >20% by DPPH assay (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). Throughout storage, cheese made with EPS⁺ cultures showed higher ACE-inhibition activity compared with EPS^? cultures. Cheese made with CEPS⁺ showed ACE inhibition >70% after 7 d of storage. Antiproliferation activity of CEPS⁺ cheese increased from 38 to 48% during 7 d of storage and was maintained above 45% with prolonged storage. Low-fat akawi cheese produced with these cultures exhibited similar or greater health-promoting benefits compared with cheese made using commercial starter cultures. Therefore, incorporation of these cultures in food is promising for commercial uses.