植物乳杆菌HCS03-001安全性评价及其益生特性分析

为了对植物乳杆菌HCS03-001(CGMCC No.16258)进行安全性评价以及益生特性的研究,通过溶血实验、耐药实验及急性经口毒性实验评价其安全性,通过对酸环境及胆盐环境的耐受性实验、抑菌功能特性实验及通便功效试验评价该菌株的益生特性。结果表明,植物乳杆菌HCS03-001在哥伦比亚血琼脂培养基上无透明圈形成,即无溶血性;植物乳杆菌HCS03-001对青霉素（PEN）、氨苄西林（AM）、亚胺培南（IP）、美罗培南（MP）、利奈唑胺（LZ）、达托霉素（DPC）敏感,对红霉素（EM）中敏,对万古霉素（VA）耐药;小鼠经口急性毒理无毒,确定该菌株为食用安全菌。该菌株在pH3.0和pH2.0环境中培养3 h存活率分别为94.29%和92.33%,在1.5 g/L胆盐浓度下培养3 h,存活率仍能达到88.82%;该菌对肠道致病菌及口腔致病菌（牙龈卟啉单胞菌和变异链球菌）均有抑制作用;对盐酸洛哌丁胺的便秘模型有较好的促排便效果。植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）HCS03-001具有良好的安全性及益生特性。     

Influence of lamb rennet paste containing probiotic on proteolysis and rheological properties of pecorino cheese

Pecorino cheeses made from heat-treated ewes’ milk using traditional lamb rennet paste (RP), lamb rennet paste containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5; RPL), and lamb rennet paste containing a mix of Bifidobacterium lactis (BB-12) and Bifidobacterium longum (BB-46; RPB) were characterized for proteolytic and rheological features during ripening. Consumer acceptance of cheeses at 60 d of ripening was evaluated. Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium mix displayed counts of 8 log₁₀ cfu/g and 9 log₁₀ cfu/g, respectively, in cheese during ripening. The RPB cheese displayed a greater degradation of casein (CN) matrix carried out by the enzymes associated to both Bifidobacterium mix and endogenous lactic acid microflora, resulting in the highest values of non-CN N and water-soluble N and the highest amount of α_s-CN degradation products in cheese at 60 d of ripening. The RPL cheese displayed intermediate levels of lactic acid bacteria and of N fractions. The percentage of γ-CN in RP and RPL cheeses at 60 d was 2-fold higher than in the cheese curd of the same groups, whereas the mentioned parameter was 3-fold higher in RPB cheese than in the corresponding fresh curd according to its highest plasmin content. The lower hardness in RPB at the end of ripening could be ascribed to the greater proteolysis observed in cheese harboring the Bifidobacterium mix. Although differences in proteolytic patterns were found among treatments, there were no differences in smell and taste scores.     

动物肠道益生菌地衣芽孢杆菌的筛选及培养基的优化

为了研制新型微生态制剂,以常用益生菌株———地衣芽孢杆菌(bacillus licheniformis)为试验菌株,在测定了初发菌株的极限耐受性后,运用紫外诱变技术筛选到了一株耐酸性较强、耐胆汁、耐高温的地衣芽孢杆菌D-11。其极限耐受条件为:pH4·18,胆盐浓度0·4g/L,温度58℃。并通过试验对该菌株进行了形态和生理生化特征的鉴定。最后通过单因素和正交试验对地衣芽孢杆菌D-11的发酵培养基成分配比进行了选择和优化,为以后的工业化生产提供依据。结果显示当培养基的配比浓度为:玉米淀粉15g/L、豆粕粉90g/L、玉米浆6g/L时菌体的培养效果最好。     

鼠李糖乳杆菌(LGG)的功能特性及其应用前景

鼠李糖乳杆菌LGG(Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,ATCC 53103)是目前最受全球关注的益生菌之一。该菌能够耐受动物消化道环境,具有能够在人和动物肠道内定植,起到调节肠道菌群、预防和治疗腹泻、排除毒素、预防龋齿和提高机体免疫力等功能特性。     

Probiotic Bacillus spp. in Soy‐Curd: Nutritional,Rheological, Sensory,and Antioxidant Properties

The focus of this study was to coculture probiotic Bacillus spp. with dairy starter cultures namely, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus for enhanced nutritional properties of soy‐curd. Subsequently, rheological, sensory, and antioxidant properties of soy‐curd along with mineral as well as fatty acid composition were analyzed. Data revealed an increase in the cell viability of probiotic Bacillus spp. on coculturing rather than as mono‐culture. Proximate analysis showed higher nutritional value along with increased trace elements. UFA/SFA ratio, rheology, and sensory properties of probiotic soy‐curd were in the acceptable range. Probiotic soy‐curd showed higher antioxidant activity as measured by the ability to scavenge free radicals. No significant difference in the overall quality within the probiotic products was observed. However, B. flexus MCC2427 cocultured product displayed slightly better attributes than other samples. In general, the results suggest that soy‐curd can be a suitable carrier for probiotic Bacillus spp. and the enhanced nutritional and antioxidant properties could be of additional advantage to combat malnutrition problem.     

降胆固醇益生乳酸菌的体外筛选

从传统发酵制品中筛选出6株降胆固醇的乳酸菌并在体外测定了降胆固醇的能力,其中菌株GL-10和LBA-11高达45%;同时测试了这些菌株的耐酸和耐胆盐性、细胞黏附、抑菌性的益生特性。结果表明,菌株GL-A-11,GL-11,ZPC-15能在pH值为2蒸馏水下存活1 h;GL-10,GL-A,ZPC-13能在质量分数为2%的胆盐混合液中存活12 h;GL-10对人结肠腺癌细胞系HT-29细胞黏附性最强,达4.8个/细胞,其次是菌株GL-A,ZPC-13,GL-11为3.7个/细胞左右,所有菌株对常见致病菌都有明显抑制作用。从中选择出乳酸菌GL-A作为今后益生菌制剂和功能性乳制品开发的潜在菌种。     

Short communication: effect of exopolysaccharide isolated from "viili" on the adhesion of probiotics and pathogens to intestinal mucus

The strong ropy character of the Scandinavian fermented milk viili is conferred by the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactococcal strains. These biopolymers can be responsible for some health benefits. We have assessed the influence of the EPS fraction isolated from commercial viili on the adhesion of some probiotics and pathogens to human intestinal mucus. Concentrations of viili EPS greater than 0.1 mg/mL promoted a decrease in adherence of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and this effect was dose-dependent. However, no modifications were detected on the adhesion levels of the pathogenic strains tested at a concentration of 1 mg/mL of EPS. Results obtained in the present work should be considered in the design of new probiotic products.     

膳食纤维抗肿瘤作用研究

该文在对近年国内外有关膳食纤维研究文献的研究基础上,总结膳食纤维在抗肿瘤方面机理及对食品中致癌物代谢影响。     

In vitro fermentation of cereal dietary fibre carbohydrates by probiotic and intestinal bacteria

A range of probiotic and other intestinal bacteria were examined for their ability to ferment the dietary fibre carbohydrates β‐glucan, xylan, xylo‐oligosaccharides (XOS) and arabinoxylan. β‐Glucan was fermented by Bacteroides spp and Clostridium beijerinckii but was not fermented by lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, enterococci or Escherichia coli. Unsubstituted xylan was not fermented by any of the probiotic bacteria examined. However, many Bifidobacterium species and Lactobacillus brevis were able to grow to high yields using XOS. XOS were also efficiently fermented by some Bacteroides isolates but not by E coli, enterococci, Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens or by the majority of intestinal Lactobacillus species examined. Bifidobacterium longum strains were able to grow well using arabinoxylan as the sole carbon source. These organisms hydrolysed and fermented the arabinosyl residues from arabinoxylan but did not substantially utilise the xylan backbone of the polysaccharide. Arabinoxylan was not fermented by lactobacilli, enterococci, E coli, C perfringens or C difficile and has potential to be an applicable carbohydrate to complement probiotic Bif longum strains in synbiotic combinations. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging on some quality characteristics of sliced ‘sucuk’ produced using probiotics culture

The effects of probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis), packaging (vacuum, 50% N₂ + 50% CO₂ or 100% CO₂), storage temperature (4 and 10 °C) and storage time (90 d) on lipid oxidation, colour and microbial properties of sliced dry fermented sausage ‘sucuk’, which has a long storage time at low temperatures, was investigated. Probiotic‐added samples showed a significant reduction in the thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) values compared with a control and starter culture groups. The analysis showed that control groups had the highest pH and that the pH was not affected by packaging or storage temperature. Probiotic use had a significant effect on total aerobic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and Micrococcus/Staphylococcus counts, and bacterial counts decreased with storage time. The Enterobacteriaceae count was below detectable levels (<2.00 CFU g⁻¹) throughout the storage period. The storage temperatures had no effect on the microbial counts. Packaging had a significant effect on lactic acid bacteria, and the highest value was determined with 50% N₂ + 50% CO₂. The addition of probiotics and the storage time resulted in a significant decrease of colour values (L*, a* and b*). Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry