液体分散染料研发技术现状及其应用前景

针对液体分散染料明显区别于粉状分散染料的应用性能和生态环保性,简述了液体分散染料发展历程和染料研磨技术要点,从染料应用性能方面评述了液体分散染料的质量控制因素及分析了已建立的液体分散染料稳定性快速评价指标的合理性,阐述了液体分散染料替代粉状分散染料的应用进展及连续热熔染色的新用途和需要解决的新问题。指出：液体分散染料应建立区别于粉状分散染料的稳定性和应用性能相协调的评价指标及质量标准;染色中选择较小的轧槽容积和均匀轧车以及增加轧前的喷淋装置都有利于染料对织物的渗透和织物着色均匀性;同时,研究集染色和功能性于一浴的功能液体分散染料,将是一种可从源头满足印染行业的重大节能减排技术需求。     

Micro-printing performance of durable water-repellent black polyester-spandex fabrics without fluorine and silicone resins北大核心CSCD

Synthetic fibers are widely used because of their stable chemical properties high mechanical strength and low cost. Among them polyester has the largest production and is the most widely used and China is also the country with the largest polyester production in the world. With the technological progress of energy saving and emission reduction of liquid disperse dyes the technology of micro printing of polyester and polyester / spandex fabrics has been realized. Based on the high market share of black polyester / spandex printed fabrics and the increasing market demand for functional finishing (e. g. anti-static finishing water repellent finishing UV resistance finishing etc.), it is of great significance to study the process of one-step short processing of polyester printing and functional finishing using carbon-based materials (e. g. carbon black). Carbon black is a gray-black organic pigment with good antistatic and anti-UV properties. It is an eco-friendly advanced material that integrates printing dyeing and functional finishing. To make up for the lack of color depth of carbon black pigment a disperse black dye and carbon black pigment in the same bath preparation scheme are chosen to prepare a functional liquid carbon black @ disperse black dye (CB-D). Not only does CB-D meet the requirements of deep black printing but also it can simultaneously provide water-repellent finishing to the fabric. In this way the application of organic fluorine or organic silicon resin can be dispensed with. A functional liquid CB-D was prepared by pre-dispersion and zirconium oxide grinding method under the action of abrasive agent AL50 (anionic / non-ionic surfactant complex) . The effects of CB-D mass fraction binder type binder D101 mass fraction baking temperature and time on color (L∗ value) rubbing and soaping colorfastness were investigated by optimizing the printing process of liquid CB-D. At the same time the fixation mechanism of CB-D was investigated and the properties of polyester-spandex printed fabrics were tested. The stability of CB-D and the colorfastness of polyester-spandex printed fabrics to hot-wash effluent were investigated by the rate of change of absorbance. The effect of hot-washing on dye floating in the printed area and dye staining in the non-printed area was characterized by the brightness of the printed area L∗ value and the whiteness of the non-printed area (CIE whiteness W10). The properties of CB-D were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and the antistatic property water repellency air permeability moisture permeability and tensile breaking strength of the fabrics were tested. (i) The first functional liquid CB-D with excellent stability is prepared by grinding carbon black and disperse black dye composed of orange 288 purple 93 and blue 291:3 in the same bath. (ii) A durable fluorine-free and silicone-free water repellent black polyester spandex fabric is prepared reducing the cost of functional finishing and environmental pollution. The preparation of durable water-repellent polyester spandex fabrics without a functional finishing agent is a new technology. CB-D as functional organic melanin with excellent performance and simple processing is a new low-carbon and eco-friendly material and ecological printing and dyeing process. (i) As for the black polyester spandex fabric prepared by a micro-printing process the color fastness of deep black color is not less than grade 4 the white ground is not stained and the color of wastewater is very low. The printing process requires 5% functional CB-D and 8. 5% binder D101. (ii) The black polyester spandex fabric has excellent and durable water repellency air permeability moisture permeability and antistatic property. The water contact angle is 132° anti-static grade is A and the air permeability and moisture permeability are more than 260 mm / s and 2 880 g / (m2h) respectively. After 30 times of home washing it almost keeps the original excellent performance. (iii) The CB-D prepared based on carbon black and disperse black dye is a colloidal aggregate that easily forms continuous carbon black aggregates on the fiber surface showing more excellent porosity film formation and water repellency while maintaining air permeability and moisture permeability. Carbon black is a low-cost material and the liquid CB-D prepared by modifying carbon black with disperse black dye has a new use in preparing functional textiles with good application prospects. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

真丝织物新型抗皱技术研究

为考察乙烯基单体的微波聚合对真丝抗皱性能的影响,选择了五种乙烯基单体(VAM、MMA、MA、St、AA)处理真丝织物;采用微波聚合法探讨了乙烯基单体及混合物对真丝织物的折皱回复角、白度、毛细管效应的影响。结果表明,在微波作用下乙烯基单体能在真丝纤维上发生聚合反应,能很好地改善织物的抗皱性,且对织物的白度、毛效和手感的影响较小。最优处理工艺为:单体质量浓度20%,VAM∶St质量比1∶0.7,快速渗透剂T 2.5%,引发剂KPS 0.8%,AA为0.05%,浴比1∶30,中高温微波3min。     

密胺食品接触制品中游离甲醛的控制研究

基于正交实验设计方法对密胺食品接触制品加工工艺参数与产品中游离甲醛含量的关系进行了研究。采用混合正交水平表L18(2×37)设计了18种不同工艺参数组合的密胺制品测试样本,按照欧盟标准测试样本中游离甲醛含量,并对实验数据进行了极差分析、方差分析和多重比较。实验结果表明:产品加工工艺中4个主要参数罩光粉(G)、上模温度(SM)、下模温度(XM)和压力(P)对游离甲醛的含量均有显著影响,控制产品游离甲醛的最佳工艺参数为罩光粉0g/cm2,上模温度205℃,下模温度175℃,压力120kg/cm2,在此基础上产品的游离甲醛含量能很好地满足标准规定的限量。研究结论为改进传统密胺制品的生产工艺提供了技术依据,对于检验检疫行业更加有效指导、监管该类产品具有一定的参考价值。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯接枝Newcell纤维的工艺研究

研究了以甲基丙烯酸甲酯为单体，硝酸铈铵为引发剂对Newcell纤维接枝共聚的工艺，探讨了工艺因素对Newcell纤维接枝增重率和增重效率的影响，用扫描电子显微镜观察了接枝共聚Newcell纤维的表面结构，用红外光谱表征了接枝Newcell纤维基团的变化。     

保留天然彩色蚕丝纤维中色素的技术探讨

 针对天然彩色蚕丝纤维精炼时色素随丝胶的去除而流失的问题,本文以保留天然彩色蚕丝纤维中色素和颜色特征值为目标,采用生丝接枝、交联和汽蒸的方法,探讨了不同工艺及条件对天然彩色蚕丝相对增重率和颜色特征值的影响。实验结果表明,先接枝后交联的同浴工艺,对提高纤维相对增重率和表观色深度是有利的,其中以柠檬酸为酸介质,丝纤维颜色特征值的变化较小。预汽蒸后,先交联后接枝工艺整体优于先接枝后交联工艺。与未处理的丝纤维相比,处理后丝纤维的饱和度降低,色调偏向绿光。     

分散染料NaOH介质染色技术

以分散紫900、分散红902、分散蓝825和分散橙BROD四只分散染料为例,比较其耐碱性和耐氧化性,考察以NaOH为介质的一浴一步法和一浴二步法碱性退浆染色短流程工艺.结果表明,该四只染料具有很好的耐碱性和耐氧化剂性,适合以2g/LNaOH为介质的碱性条件染色,且其一浴一步法和一浴二步法碱性退浆染色短流程工艺的效果差别不大,能获得更好的弹性、柔软性和光滑性;采用该短流程碱性工艺加工时,控制不当纤维因过度失重导致断裂强度下降,应合理控制染色时间.     

天然彩色茧丝纤维的丝胶固着技术研究

为更多保留天然彩色茧丝纤维丝胶中的色素,采用乙烯单体接枝和戊二醛交联相结合的方法对黄红色天然彩色茧丝进行处理,研究了交联和接枝处理以及接枝和交联次序对天然彩色茧丝增重率和色泽的影响。研究结果表明:交联和接枝处理增强了丝胶间或与丝素的结合力,能较好地保留天然彩色茧丝丝胶内的色素成分;而颜色的饱和度较未处理丝纤维低,颜色变暗,色调偏向绿光;先交联工艺对纤维K/S值和颜色特征值的影响较小,是一种较好的处理方法。     

涤纶织物分散染料碱性拔染印花工艺探讨

研究了涤纶绒布分散染料的碱性拔染印花,探讨了不同汽蒸条件、不同助拔剂和氢氧化钠质量分数对分散蓝284的拔白效果.研究结果表明,含氢氧化钠10％和邻苯基苯酚0.21％的拔白浆,在汽蒸温度120℃、汽蒸时间25 min下,具有良好的拔白效果.另外对分散染料进行了耐碱性测试,筛选出了不耐碱的地色染料和耐碱的花色染料.     

进口糊料的性能比较及应用分析

测试4种进口糊粘的粘度，流变性能，稳定性和印制性能，比较了各自应用性能的特点，以供厂家在选择应用时参考。