无卤阻燃剂在聚合物阻燃中的应用研究进展

近几年来,无卤阻燃剂凭借其高效、低烟、低毒等特点,在阻燃领域的开发与应用受到越来越多的关注,已然成为阻燃高分子研究的重要发展方向。本文对近年来一些无卤阻燃剂在聚合物中的应用研究进展做了简要综述,并对其阻燃机理进行一定分析。最后,对聚合物阻燃剂的未来发展方向和趋势进行了展望。     

直接绕丝筛管加工技术研究

传统的全焊式绕丝筛管,筛套与基管之间存在间隙,整体强度低,绕丝受刮蹭、碰撞易破损.对此,研究了直接绕丝筛管加工技术,制造出直接绕丝筛管加工机床,将纵向筋条紧贴在钻孔基管表面,不存在间隙,横向绕丝直接在纵向筋条表面进行,与钻孔基管形成整体.采用直接绕丝筛管加工技术,可以省略传统的筛套与钻孔基管套装工序,提高绕丝筛管的整体强度,延长绕丝筛管的使用寿命.采用单焊点拉断法进行直接绕丝筛管筋条和绕丝焊接强度试验,确认最小拉断力符合国家标准要求.     

Synthesis of Hollow Three-Dimensional Channels LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 Microsphere by PEO Soft Template Assisted with Solvothermal Method

A appropriate size with three-dimension(3 D) channels for lithium diffusion plays an important role in constructing highperforming LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) cathode materials, as it can not only reduce the transport path of lithium ions and electrons, but also reduce the side effects and withstand the structural strain in the process of repetitive Li~+ intercalation/deintercalation. In this work, an e fficient method for designing the hollow LNMO microsphere with 3 D channels structure by using polyethylene oxide(PEO) as soft template agent assisted solvothermal method is proposed. Experimental results indicate that PEO can make the reagents mingle evenly and nucleate slowly in the solvothermal process, thus obtaining a homogeneous distribution of carbonate precursors. In the final LNMO products, the hollow 3 D channels structure obtained by the decomposition of PEO and carbonate precursor in the calcination can provide abundant electroactive zones and electron/ion transport paths during the charge/discharge process, which benefits to improve the cycling performance and rate capability. The LNMO prepared by adding 1 g PEO possesses the most outstanding electrochemical performance, which presented an excellent discharge capacity of 143.1 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C and with a capacity retention of 92.2% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The superior performance attributed to the 3 D channels structure of hollow microspheres, which provide uninterrupted conductive systems and therefore achieve the stable transfer for electron/ion.     

0–1膨胀几何分布的客观贝叶斯分析

在医疗卫生、金融证券等应用领域，经常会同时出现零观测值、一观测值较多的情况. 为更好地拟合这类数据，提出0–1膨胀几何分布模型并进行客观贝叶斯分析. 通过参数变换，得到Jeffreys先验和reference先验. 设计后验分布的抽样算法，设置不同的样本量和参数真值，采用数值模拟方法对不同客观先验下的估计效果进行评估.     

Eco-friendly and degradable red phosphorus nanoparticles for rapid microbial sterilization under visible light

Pathogens pose a serious challenge to environmental sanitation and a threat to public health.The frequent use of chemicals for sterilization in recent years has not only caused secondary damage to the environment but also increased pathogen resistance to drugs,which further threatens public health.To address this issue,the use of non-chemical antibacterial means has become a new trend for environmental disinfection.In this study,we developed red phosphorus nanoparticles(RPNPs),a safe and degradable photosensitive material with good photocatalytic and photothermal properties.The red phosphorus nanoparticles were prepared using a template method and ultrasonication.Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight for 20 min,the RPNPs exhibited an efficiency of 99.98%in killing Staphylococcus aureus due to their excellent photocatalytic and photothermal abilities.Transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy revealed that the RPNPs exhibited degradability within eight weeks.Both the RPNPs and their degradation products were nontoxic to fibroblast cells.Therefore,such RPNPs are expected to be used as a new type of low-cost,efficient,degradable,biocompatible,and eco-friendly photosensitive material for environmental disinfection.