Hydrolytic aging of polypropylene studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy

X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the hydrolytic aging of polypropylene according to the pHs of degrading buffer solutions and the time of aging. The study was concentrated over periods of 3, 6, and 9 months for values of pH close to the real environments of use of the material (pH of 6, 7, and 8). The polypropylene underwent an oxidation of its polymeric matrix, independently of the range of pH values, by the production of C? OH, C?O, and O?C? O groups. These chemical functions were observed in high resolution XPS spectra around C1s and O1s peaks. Beginning with these results and from mechanisms of (photochemical, thermal, and others) aging proposed in the literature, it was then possible to propose mechanisms of hydrolytic ageing of polypropylene. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3830–3838, 2004     

紫外线对不饱和聚酯树脂/玻璃纤维层合板性能的影响

对不饱和聚酯树脂/玻璃纤维层合板进行了室温下的人工加速老化试验。试验发现,长期的紫外线照射对层合板的拉伸性能和弯曲性能都有一定的影响,而且随照射时间的延长,拉伸性能和弯曲性能都呈下降趋势。     

钛系催化剂陈化方式和条件对合成高乙烯基聚丁二烯橡胶的影响

本工艺以Ti(OC4H9)4-Al(i-C4H9)3为催化剂合成乙烯基聚丁二烯，采用催化剂陈化方式，考察了陈化温度和时间等条件对聚合的影响。结果表明，本体系高温陈化后可提高催化活性，降低Al用量；Ti－Bd－Al三元陈化的催化活性高于Ti－Al二元陈化；最佳陈化条件为n（Ti）：n（Bd）：n（Al）＝1：20：20，70℃陈化1h；与未陈化和低温陈化聚合的产物相比，高温陈化产品的分子量和1，2－结构含量较高，凝胶含量较低。     

The Effect of Moisture Content in Epoxy Film Adhesives on their Performance. III: Bulk Properties

Humidity absorbed by epoxy film adhesives during low temperature storage or exposure to atmosphere may result in reversible changes and irreversible modifications. Vacuum treatment may partially remedy the reversible changes. The consequences of vacuum drying are manifested in enhancement of both the peel and shear properties of bonded joints (Part I and Part II of this series of papers) and the thermal, physical and mechanical properties of the bulk adhesive, characterized in the present study.

Experimental results have shown that the bulk properties of structural epoxy based adhesives are highly correlated with the aging processes caused by water absorption in the prepolymerized adhesive. Applying the vacuum process is harmful to fresh unaged adhesive due to devolatization of low molecular species of the film adhesive.

The characterization of bulk properties for the purpose of following the aging and recovery processes is advantageous, since the bulk is independent of geometrical and interfacial effects which dominate in the case of property evaluation of the adhesive in a bonded joint.     

无机/有机复合涂层体系在3.5%NaCl溶液中的EIS

采用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）研究了无机富锌底漆/环氧云铁中间漆/氯化橡胶面漆复合涂层体系在3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为，考察了紫外辐射对其电化学行为的影响。结果表明：复合涂层体系在3.5%NaCl介质中的腐蚀失效过程可以用4种等效电路来等效。浸泡失效前120 h，电解质溶液电阻R_c从开始的5×10⁹ Ω·cm²以大约2.2×10⁷ Ω·h^-1的速度迅速下降到4×10⁵ Ω·cm²，到浸泡120 h后R_c则以较小的速度808 Ω·h^-1下降，涂层电容C_c是按线性增加。紫外辐射不改变复合涂层体系在3.5% NaCl溶液中的电化学行为，仅仅加速复合涂层的失效。     

Aging and availability of binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues in 3D graphics contents

Some stereoblind observers do not perceive depth of 3D stimuli that depends on binocular disparity. These individuals, who have no disabilities, comprise over 5% of the general population. In addition, 17–30% of nonstereoblind young and young–middle people do not use disparity information in certain 3D environments, a phenomenon known as pseudo‐stereoblindness. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between aging and the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblindness in the general population. In an experiment, 134 nonstereoblind participants, ranging in age from 17 to 83 years, judged subjective depth of 3D stimuli containing binocular disparity and pictorial depth cues. Results showed that the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblindness among young (17–24 years old) and young–middle aged observers (25–39 years old) was 29%, in both cases. However, the proportion of pseudo‐stereoblind observers increased in older populations: 65% and 82% in the middle (40–54 years old) and senior (55–83 years old) age groups, respectively. These results suggest that a number of people, especially in elderly populations, have trouble perceiving depth from binocular disparity in 3D graphic contents despite their essential ability to use disparity information.     

Relation of swelling and Tg depression to the apparent free volume of a particle‐filled,epoxy‐based adhesive

The effect of hygrothermal aging on a particle‐filled, epoxy‐based adhesive was studied using a gravimetric sorption technique. This study has explored moisture sorption characteristics as well as the associated behaviors of swelling and the depression of the glass transition temperature (T_g). We observed that the diffusion of water in this adhesive has a non‐Fickian behavior, and the depression of T_g proceeds to a definite value that is independent of the final equilibrium water content of the system. Our observations suggest that water diffuses into the polymer in a dual‐sorption mode, in which water resides in two populations. In one population, water is considered to occupy apparent free volume of the adhesive, and the second population water infiltrates polymer structure and forms hydrogen‐bonded clusters. Our results show that hygrothermal aging temperature and swelling do not alter the apparent free volume of this adhesive. We conclude that the constant value of T_g depression at saturation implies that only water in the apparent free volume is responsible for the T_g depression, whereas the swelling proceeds through the formation of hydrogen bonds in the adhesive. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1436–1444, 2003     

电容器密封橡胶及其老化机理

电容器用密封橡胶－橡胶塞是影响是容器寿命的关键因素。根据电容器的工作特点，研究了橡胶塞对橡胶的要求，指出了橡胶塞的老化机理是热氧老化。对比了各种橡胶的结构和性能特点，对国内现有EPDM和ⅡR的105℃的橡胶塞进行了试验研究，指出了开发长寿命橡胶塞应该注意的问题。     

丁羟聚氨酯弹性体的老化规律研究

针对丁羟聚氨酯弹性体的老化及其对材料性能的影响,制备了丁羟弹性体胶片试样,对试样进行了加速老化试验,测试了不同老化阶段弹性体的密度、力学性能、交联密度及红外光谱.通过对测试结果的分析,指出了丁羟弹性体体系内部发生的化学反应及其对力学性能的影响,总结了丁羟弹性体的老化规律.研究发现在老化过程的前期,MAPO与TDI也发生了交联反应,使弹性体的交联密度有所增加,弹性体内的化学反应主要以降解断链为主,通过弹性体熵弹性的降低来影响其力学性能,该阶段弹性体的力学性能并不随交联密度而变化.在老化过程的后期,弹性体内部以氧化交联反应为主.