编码协作系统准循环重复累积码的联合设计与性能分析

重复累积(RA)码是一种特殊结构的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码,不仅具有LDPC码的优点,还能实现差分编码。针对LDPC编码协作系统编码复杂度高、时延长的问题,该文引入准循环RA(QC-RA)码,推导出信源节点和中继节点采用的QC-RA码对应的联合校验矩阵,基于公差构造方法设计该联合校验矩阵,并证明该方法设计的联合校验矩阵不存在围长为girth-4, girth-6的短环。理论分析和仿真结果表明,同等条件下该系统比相应点对点系统具有更优异的误码率性能。仿真结果同时表明,与采用一般构造QC-RA码或基于Z型构造QC-RA码相比,采用基于公差构造的联合设计QC-RA码的多信源多中继协作均可获得更高的编码增益。     

Monotone properties of certain classes of solutions of second-order difference equations

The authors consider the difference equations

δ(a_nδx_n)=q_nx_n+1

and

δ(a_nδx_n)=q_nf(x_n+1),

where a_n > 0, q_n > 0, and f: R å R is continuous with uf(u) > 0 for u ≠ 0. They obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic behavior of certain types of nonoscillatory solutions of (*) and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic behavior of certain types of nonoscillatory solutions of (**). Sufficient conditions for the existence of these types of nonoscillatory solutions are also presented. Some examples illustrating the results and suggestions for further research are included.     

Stability and boundedness in difference systems with finite delay

In this paper, stability and boundedness theorems for delay difference systems with the condition

δV(n,x(n))≤-W₂(|x(n)|)+σ

are given, where Δ is the backward difference operator. Some known results are generalized.     

Linear Least-Squares Algorithms for Temporal Difference Learning

We introduce two new temporal difference (TD) algorithms based on the theory of linear least-squares function approximation. We define an algorithm we call Least-Squares TD (LS TD) for which we prove probability-one convergence when it is used with a function approximator linear in the adjustable parameters. We then define a recursive version of this algorithm, Recursive Least-Square TD (RLS TD). Although these new TD algorithms require more computation per time-step than do Suttons TD() algorithms, they are more efficient in a statistical sense because they extract more information from training experiences. We describe a simulation experiment showing the substantial improvement in learning rate achieved by RLS TD in an example Markov prediction problem. To quantify this improvement, we introduce the TD error variance of a Markov chain, TD, and experimentally conclude that the convergence rate of a TD algorithm depends linearly on TD. In addition to converging more rapidly, LS TD and RLS TD do not have control parameters, such as a learning rate parameter, thus eliminating the possibility of achieving poor performance by an unlucky choice of parameters.     

Responses of the reflectance indices PRI and NDVI to experimental warming and drought in European shrublands along a north-south climatic gradient

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of ground-based canopy reflectance measurements to detect changes in physiology and structure of vegetation in response to experimental warming and drought treatment at six European shrublands located along a North-South climatic gradient. We measured canopy reflectance, effective green leaf area index (green LAIe) and chlorophyll fluorescence of dominant species. The treatment effects on green LAIe varied among sites. We calculated three reflectance indices: photochemical reflectance index PRI [531 nm; 570 nm], normalized difference vegetation index NDVI₆₈₀ [780 nm; 680 nm] using red spectral region, and NDVI₅₇₀ [780 nm; 570 nm] using the same green spectral region as PRI. All three reflectance indices were significantly related to green LAIe and were able to detect changes in shrubland vegetation among treatments. In general warming treatment increased PRI and drought treatment reduced NDVI values. The significant treatment effect on photochemical efficiency of plants detected with PRI could not be detected by fluorescence measurements. However, we found canopy level measured PRI to be very sensitive to soil reflectance properties especially in vegetation areas with low green LAIe. As both soil reflectance and LAI varied between northern and southern sites it is problematic to draw universal conclusions of climate-derived changes in all vegetation types based merely on PRI measurements. We propose that canopy level PRI measurements can be more useful in areas of dense vegetation and dark soils.     

基于H.264码率控制的模型参数更新算法

为获得精确的模型参数,从率点选择和模型参数估计2个方面对H.264码率控制算法加以改进,利用一种基于曼哈顿和二维滑动窗口机制相结合的策略,实现高效的率点选择算法,采用加权的线性回归技术,实现有效的模型参数预测。实验结果表明,改进后的算法能改善视频编码质量,提高输出码率的控制精度。     

基于ETM＋的北京西部山区乔木群落结构研究

利用遥感技术结合地面调查的方法对2008年春季北京西部山区乔木群落的多样性进行了研究。提取归一化植被指数（NDVI）,并计算NDVI随时间的变化率（△NDVI）;利用地面调查数据计算研究区的健康指数、Mar-galef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数,并分析△NDVI、健康指数和多样性指数之间的关系。结果表明：（1）健康指数和多样性指数之间存在正相关关系,群落多样性指数越高,群落的整体健康状况越好。（2）△NDVI与健康指数之间呈正相关关系,健康指数越高的群落,单位时间内NDVI的增加值越大,植被群落的生长变化越明显。（3）△NDVI的高低可以代表区域植被的健康程度,反映区域植物群落的丰富度、多样性。△NDVI的值越高,植被群落的健康程度越好,植被群落的丰富度、多样性指数越高。本文的研究较好的将遥感技术和地面调查相结合,对△NDVI与群落植被健康程度、多样性指数进行了研究和验证,为以后研究植被群落多样性提供了一定的借鉴。     

基于差分分段PCA的多模态过程故障监测

多模态的故障监测是一个复杂的问题, 既需要考虑稳定模态下的故障监测, 也需要考虑不同模态间的过渡故障监测. 不同稳定模态下的数据具有不同的相关关系, 对每个稳定模态需要建立不同的稳定模态模型. 当稳定生产模态发生改变时, 生产过程进入过渡模态, 需要考虑过渡变量相关关系的变化. 本文通过对过渡数据差分, 得到变量相对变化信息. 利用主成分分析(Principal component analysis, PCA)分段对差分变量的相关特性进行分析, 提取相对变化的特征. 最后以实际连续退火机组生产线为背景, 用基于差分分段PCA的多模态方法对多模态过程进行故障监测, 发现算法很好地反映了实际过渡过程机理, 验证了算法的有效性.     

基于KPCA和FMSD的人脸识别

针对核最大散度差(KMSD)方法在人脸识别中存在边缘类和次优性问题,提出一种基于核主成分分析(KPCA)与模糊最大散度差(FMSD)的人脸识别方法(KFMSD)。利用KPCA方法提取人脸的非线性结构特征,选取投影后类间散度大于类内散度的特征向量作为最优投影轴,采用FMSD方法,根据隶属度函数将样本的原始分布信息完全融入人脸的特征提取中,采用最近邻分类器进行分类识别。在ORL和YALE人脸库上的实验证明了KFMSD方法的有效性。     

基于文化鱼群算法的到达时间差定位技术

针对到达时间差(TDOA)定位估计中的非线性最优化问题,在鱼群算法中引入文化机制设计基于实数编码的文化鱼群算法,将Chan算法的解作为文化鱼群的一个个体初始位置,并利用文化鱼群算法搜索TDOA定位的最优坐标。仿真结果表明,该技术性能稳定,在鱼群规模较小的情况下能快速鲁棒地找到逼近全局最优点的解,并且具有较快的搜索速度和较高的搜索精度。