Operationalizing governance categories of projects

This study operationalizes an existing concept for the categorization of governance approaches for projects. For that the concept's four governance paradigms, based on the overlay of the shareholder–stakeholder orientation with the behavior–outcome control of a project's parent organization are measured. The measurement dimensions were derived from the intersection of governance and organization theory with project management theory, thereby addressing those areas of corporate governance and organizational control that extend into projects. The application of the measurement construct, its validity and reliability are tested through a world-wide questionnaire with 478 responses. Analysis of the responses shows the differences in governance structures for projects by country, project size, and project type. The results are important for managers developing governance structures and academics developing governance theories.     

Building a research network to better understand climate governance in the Great Lakes

Climate-driven disturbances threaten the sustainability of coastal communities in the Great Lakes Basin. Because such disturbances are unpredictable, their magnitude, number and intensity are changing, and they occur at varying temporal and spatial scales. Consequently, communities struggle to respond in effective ways. The expected intensification of climate-driven disturbances will require that community capacity and governance structures match the spatial and temporal scales of these disturbances, as the most sustainable social and economic systems will be those that can respond at similar frequencies to key natural system drivers. The Climate Governance Variability in the Great Lakes Research Coordination Network (CGVG-RCN) was recently established to address questions about the relationship between climate-driven disturbances and community response. The objective of this short communication is to introduce the ideas behind the CGVG-RCN, outline its goals, and facilitate engagements and collaboration with social and natural scientists interested in social-ecological systems in the Great Lakes Basin.     

我国医疗体制改革中政府主导的困境与对策分析

目前,我国医疗体制改革强调结合中国国情,提出了强化政府责任、明确医疗卫生事业的基本目标定位,但在政府主导的医疗体制改革中出现了政府缺位、错位等问题。本文基于我国医疗体制改革现状,针对该问题进行深入分析,并提出相应对策,以期为我国医疗体制深化改革提供决策参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情背景下社区防疫规划和治理体系研究

2020年新春前后的新型冠状病毒疫情给全中国乃至全球公共卫生安全带来巨大冲击,社区成为防疫工作的前沿阵地。文章从社区规划、防控行动和治理体系三方面总结了中国当前社区防疫工作中的主要问题,基于社区调研和国内外相关经验,对社区防疫规划和治理体系提出相关改进建议,包括推进社区命运共同体建设、完善基于社区生活圈的防疫体系规划、聚焦以健康社区为核心理念的社区赋能、依托智慧社区强化风险预警和精准服务以及共建社区健康协同治理网络。     

基于多源数据的超大城市桥下空间研究及其公共性需求评价 ——以北京市为例

桥下空间是超大城市中一笔可观的公 共空间资源却长期不为公共利用,本文以木樨 地桥下空间为突破口,研究总结其长久被市民占 用开展公共活动的本质原因是桥区周围有大量 居住区而公共活动配套严重不足,由此将研究 范围扩大至中心城区所有城市道路桥下空间,划 定环境研究范围并对环境型进行分类,利用分 层分析法构建评价体系计算桥下空间公共性需 求,结合自然断点法划分公共性需求类型以指 导后续桥下空间的规划再利用。     

Globalisation and local resistance: Alternative city developmental scenarios on capital's global frontier—the case of Yalova,Turkey

Today, defining objectives and setting priorities at local level becomes more and more difficult as the nature and direction of urbanisation is increasingly influenced by global economic integration and the struggle of countries, and indeed, individual cities, to be competitive in the global marketplace (Cohen, 2004). In general, local strategies have to be formed and reformed, based on the logic of macro-level factors as to what is, or is not, feasible, and actors’ responses and political judgments about which values and interests they most wish to promote.     

An investigation of governance frameworks for public projects in Norway and the UK

This paper describes four case studies which formed a key part of an investigation into public investment project governance frameworks in Norway and the UK. The studies looked at how the embedded governance principles worked out in practice, how they affected PM, and how consistent their effects were with their aims. Conclusion is made about the actual effects of the frameworks, and various areas for improvement or further study are highlighted.     

The governance challenge for implementing effective market-based climate policies: A case study of The New South Wales Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scheme

The New South Wales (NSW) Greenhouse Gas Reduction Scheme (GGAS) in Australia is a baseline and credit emissions trading scheme with the stated aim of reducing the per-capita greenhouse emissions associated with electricity consumption in the state of NSW. Here we provide a detailed assessment of the GGAS design and operation, with a particular emphasis on its effectiveness in delivering physical emissions reductions that would not have occurred in its absence. We find that a number of design features mean a significant proportion of the tradeable ‘abatement’ certificates are unlikely to correspond to the claimed emissions reductions. While some of these adverse design choices might be corrected, others would seem inherent to the underlying scheme design. Our analysis highlights the major governance challenges with emissions trading approaches and hence the importance of good policy implementation processes including the need for separation of powers through a scheme development process that involves design, assessment and revision. These GGAS lessons would seem relevant for governance with all emissions trading schemes, and has particular implications for cap and trade schemes that incorporate baseline and credit offset schemes, as well as to the ‘White Certificate’ schemes increasingly being seen as a means of fostering enhanced end-use energy efficiency.     

Electricity theft: a comparative analysis

Electricity theft can be in the form of fraud (meter tampering), stealing (illegal connections), billing irregularities, and unpaid bills. Estimates of the extent of electricity theft in a sample of 102 countries for 1980 and 2000 are undertaken. The evidence shows that theft is increasing in most regions of the world. The financial impacts of theft are reduced income from the sale of electricity and the necessity to charge more to consumers. Electricity theft is closely related to governance indicators, with higher levels of theft in countries without effective accountability, political instability, low government effectiveness and high levels of corruption. Electricity theft can be reduced by applying technical solutions such as tamper-proof meters, managerial methods such as inspection and monitoring, and in some cases restructuring power systems ownership and regulation.     

What governs the transition to a sustainable hydrogen economy? Articulating the relationship between technologies and political institutions

There is a lack of integrated knowledge on the transition to a sustainable energy system. The paper focuses on the relationship between technologies and institutions in the field of hydrogen from the perspective of political theory. The paper unfolds four paradigms of governance: ‘Governance by policy networking’, Governance by government’, ‘Governance by corporate business’, and ‘Governance by challenge’, and looks into the major line of argument in support of these paradigms and into their possible bias with respect to hydrogen options. Each of these paradigms reveals an institutional bias in that it articulates specific opportunities for collaboration and competition in order to stimulate the transition to a sustainable hydrogen economy. The paper makes the observation that there is a compelling need to reframe fashionable discourse such as the necessary shift from government to governance or from government to market. Instead, specific questions with respect to the impact of guiding policy frameworks on innovation will highlight that neither ‘neutral’ nor ‘optimal’ frameworks for policy making exist, where competing hydrogen options are at stake. The identification of paradigms of governance maybe considered a methodological device for (participator) policy analysis.