海藻酸钙固定化零价铁抗团聚及堵塞的作用机制

以海藻酸钠（SA）、氯化钙、微米零价铁（MZVI）为原料，制备了海藻酸钙（CA）固定化MZVI填料（CAZ），通过静态烧杯实验和动态PRB模型实验，探讨了CA运用对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能的影响，并通过电镜扫描分析了CA避免团聚、堵塞机制。实验结果表明，CA凝胶颗粒的运用能显著提升MZVI的除Cr(Ⅵ)性能，CAZ相比MZVI对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率和反应速率分别提升7.1倍、23.0倍；MZVI利用率的提高是CAZ反应器处理Cr(Ⅵ)水量显著大于MZVI反应器的主要原因，MZVI反应速率的提高是CAZ反应器出水Cr(Ⅵ)浓度显著低于MZVI反应器的主要原因。电镜扫描结果表明，SA与氯化钙交联形成的CA具有丰富的骨架孔道结构，具有骨架支撑作用，能有效克服MZVI颗粒因重力作用导致团聚、降低比表面积的缺陷。CA表层固定的MZVI颗粒与Cr(Ⅵ)反应生成的(Fe_xCr_1-x)(OH)₃ 络合沉淀会冲破CA表层外壳，释放到零价铁-渗透反应墙（Fe⁰-PRB）系统中，导致PRB反应初期出现堵塞现象；大部分MZVI颗粒被固定在CA内部，CA内部有较多孔隙结构，这些孔隙结构会控制(Fe_xCr_1-x)(OH)₃ 络合沉淀释放，从而缓解了Fe⁰-PRB后期长期运行持续堵塞的问题。     

DBU-Based Ionic Liquid Grafted SBA-15 Dual-Functional Catalyst for the Cycloaddition Reaction of CO2 and Epoxide

Catalysis Letters - The development of novel catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates under mild conditions remains a challenge. Herein, we designed the strategy of immobilizing DBU-based...     

High-Safety and High-Energy-Density Lithium Metal Batteries in a Novel Ionic-Liquid Electrolyte

Rechargeable lithium metal batteries are next generation energy storage devices with high energy density, but face challenges in achieving high energy density, high safety, and long cycle life. Here, lithium metal batteries in a novel nonflammable ionic-liquid (IL) electrolyte composed of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm) cations and high-concentration bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anions, with sodium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (NaTFSI) as a key additive are reported. The Na ion participates in the formation of hybrid passivation interphases and contributes to dendrite-free Li deposition and reversible cathode electrochemistry. The electrolyte of low viscosity allows practically useful cathode mass loading up to ≈16 mg cm⁻². Li anodes paired with lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂, NCM 811) cathodes exhibit 99.6–99.9% Coulombic efficiencies, high discharge voltages up to 4.4 V, high specific capacity and energy density up to ≈199 mAh g⁻¹ and ≈765 Wh kg⁻¹ respectively, with impressive cycling performances over up to 1200 cycles. Highly stable passivation interphases formed on both electrodes in the novel IL electrolyte are the key to highly reversible lithium metal batteries, especially for Li–NMC 811 full batteries.     

Truly Concomitant and Independently Expressed Short‐ and Long‐Term Plasticity in a Bi2O2Se‐Based Three‐Terminal Memristor

Concomitance of diverse synaptic plasticity across different timescales produces complex cognitive processes. To achieve comparable cognitive complexity in memristive neuromorphic systems, devices that are capable of emulating short‐term (STP) and long‐term plasticity (LTP) concomitantly are essential. In existing memristors, however, STP and LTP can only be induced selectively because of the inability to be decoupled using different loci and mechanisms. In this work, the first demonstration of truly concomitant STP and LTP is reported in a three‐terminal memristor that uses independent physical phenomena to represent each form of plasticity. The emerging layered material Bi₂O₂Se is used for memristors for the first time, opening up the prospects for ultrathin, high‐speed, and low‐power neuromorphic devices. The concerted action of STP and LTP allows full‐range modulation of the transient synaptic efficacy, from depression to facilitation, by stimulus frequency or intensity, providing a versatile device platform for neuromorphic function implementation. A heuristic recurrent neural circuitry model is developed to simulate the intricate “sleep–wake cycle autoregulation” process, in which the concomitance of STP and LTP is posited as a key factor in enabling this neural homeostasis. This work sheds new light on the development of generic memristor platforms for highly dynamic neuromorphic computing.     

尼龙66及其复合材料的热分解动力学

使用热重分析仪测定尼龙66(PA66)和两种不同玻纤增强尼龙66复合材料(GF/PA)的热分解曲线,用Kissinger法和Crane法研究了PA66和GF/PA的热分解动力学。结果表明:PA66、GF/PA-1和GF/PA-2的热分解反应级数分别为0.949、0.912和0.921,表明均为一阶热分解过程;热分解活化能分别为218.65 kJ/mol、121.81 kJ/mol和132.23 kJ/mol,表明玻纤的加入显著降低了PA66的热分解活化能。在加热速率相同的条件下两种GF/PA达到最大热分解速率的温度都比PA66的低,表明玻纤虽然改善了PA66的性能,但是加快了PA66的热分解过程,说明存在着“灯芯效应”。     

前馈型神经元网络中的放电频率传递分析

本文建立了一个基于Hodgkin-Huxley神经元的前馈神经元网络模型,研究了平均放电频率在前馈神经元网络中的传递情况。研究结果显示,适当的层间连接概率与输人噪声强度能够提髙前馈神经元网络的同步效率,进而增强网络稳定传递放电频率的性能。此外,通过引入并调节突触时滞,发现适当的时滞对神经元耦合系统的完全同步和前馈神经元网络内信息传输有明显的促进作用。     

大规模知识图谱的多查询优化问题研究

多查询优化问题是从一组查询中找出公共子结构,将其结果缓存起来,每个查询可以利用缓存结果构建自己的结果.由于知识图谱上的多查询优化是NP-hard问题,现有方法无法在大量查询同时到达时高效地查找公共子结构,也无法保证优化后查询时间一定减少.因此,本文提出了一个新的分布式,基于内存的RDF查询引擎Leon来处理多查询优化问题.Leon使用了基于特征集合的索引和划分方法,具有简单高效、空间占用小的特点.针对现有检测查询之间公共子结构检测算法时间复杂度高的特点,本文提出了一个新颖的多查询优化算法:利用特征集合快速过滤没必要优化的查询,在剩下来的查询中精确、高效地查找公共子结构.实验结果证明:引入多查询优化情形下,时间是基准方法的1/10.     

基于卷积神经网络与循环谱图的调制识别方法

为提高调制分类识别精确度,降低计算复杂度,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络(CNN)与红绿蓝(RGB)循环谱二维图的智能调制识别方法。基于循环谱特征可识别调制类型的机理,为了降低计算复杂度,将三维的循环谱转换为二维平面的RGB循环谱图,并将其用于构建数据集;将一种计算复杂度较低的CNN作为调制类型分类识别器。仿真结果表明,所提出的智能调制识别方法能够以较低的计算复杂度,获得更高的分类精确度。     

Effects of exogenous addition on soil mineralization and nitrification of typical wetlands in the Yellow River Basin

Taking Zoige Wetland (soil A) in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Baotou Nanhai Wetland (soil B) in the middle reaches, and the Yellow River Delta Wetland (soil C) in the lower reaches as the research objects, NH₄NO₃ and glucose were used as external nitrogen and carbon sources, respectively, and a 28 d constant temperature cultivation method was used. The effects of exogenous addition on daily average carbon mineralization rate (C_average), net nitrogen mineralization rate (NN_min), and net nitrification rate (NN_nitri) of typical wetland soil in the Yellow River Basin were studied. The results show that wetland types have significant effects on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization and nitrification rates, and differences in soil physical and chemical properties are the main influencing factors. Carbon addition significantly increased C_average of different wetland soils and the most significant promotion was exerted on soil A. However, nitrogen addition had no significant effect on C_average. Addition level had significant influence on NN_min. Low level carbon addition significantly inhibited NN_min of soil C while had no significant effect on that of soil A or soil B. High level carbon addition significantly prevented NN_min of different wetland soils. Low level nitrogen addition had no significant effect on NN_min. High level nitrogen addition significantly inhibited NN_min of soil B and soil C, while had no significant effect on soil A. Exogenous addition had no significant effect on NN_nitri.