Selective removal of As from arsenic-bearing dust rich in Pb and Sb

The selective removal of arsenic from arsenic-bearing dust containing Pb and Sb in alkaline solution was studied. The influence of NaOH concentration, temperature, leaching time, liquid to solid ratio, and the presence of elemental sulfur on the dissolution of As, Sb and Pb in NaOH solution was investigated. The results indicate that the presence of elemental sulfur can effectively prevent leaching of lead and antimony from arsenic. The Sb₂O₃, As₂O₃ and Pb₅(AsO₄)₃OH in the raw material convert to NaSb(OH)₆ and PbS in the leaching residue, while arsenic is leached out as As(III) or As(V) ions in the leaching solution. Arsenic leaching efficiency of 99.84% can be achieved under the optimized conditions, while 97.82% of Sb and 99.97% of Pb remain in the leach residue with the arsenic concentration of less than 0.1%. A novel route is presented for the selective removal of arsenic and potential recycle of lead and antimony from the arsenic-bearing dust leached by NaOH solutions with the addition of elemental sulfur.     

活性炭吸附原子吸收光度法测定铅锑精矿中金的含量

通过在铅锑精矿焙烧时加入一定量的氧化锌或氧化钙，使铅锑精矿在灼烧过程中的单质硫、有机质、硫化物、碳充分焙烧，然后采用王水分解矿样，活性炭动态吸附富集金，灰化除碳，王水溶解，原子吸收光度法测定铅锑精矿中金含量，方法快速、准确，同时适用于含碳、硫较高焙烧时易结块的精矿样品。     

Progressive NO2 Sensors with Rapid Alarm and Persistent Memory-Type Responses for Wide-Range Sensing Using Antimony Triselenide Nanoflakes

Antimony triselenide (Sb₂Se₃) nanoflake-based nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) sensors exhibit a progressive bifunctional gas-sensing performance, with a rapid alarm for hazardous highly concentrated gases, and an advanced memory-type function for low-concentration (<1 ppm) monitoring repeated under potentially fatal exposure. Rectangular and cuboid shaped Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes, comprising van der Waals planes with large surface areas and covalent bond planes with small areas, can rapidly detect a wide range of NO₂ gas concentrations from 0.1 to 100 ppm. These Sb₂Se₃ nanoflakes are found to be suitable for physisorption-based gas sensing owing to their anisotropic quasi-2D crystal structure with extremely enlarged van der Waals planes, where they are humidity-insensitive and consequently exhibit an extremely stable baseline current. The Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor exhibits a room-temperature/low-voltage operation, which is noticeable owing to its low energy consumption and rapid response even under a NO₂ gas flow of only 1 ppm. As a result, the Sb₂Se₃ nanoflake sensor is suitable for the development of a rapid alarm system. Furthermore, the persistent gas-sensing conductivity of the sensor with a slow decaying current can enable the development of a progressive memory-type sensor that retains the previous signal under irregular gas injection at low concentrations.     

响应曲面法优化选择性浸出铜阳极泥中砷锑的研究

在硫酸化焙烧脱硒步骤前采用酸性氯化浸出脱除铜阳极泥中砷和锑。采用中心组合设计优化脱除铜阳极泥中砷和锑的实验参数。以硫酸浓度、盐酸浓度和反应温度为变量，砷和锑浸出率为响应值，建立高显著性的二次多项式模型和三维响应曲面。建立高显著性的二次多项式模型和三维响应曲面，以反映变量与响应值之间的关系。得到的较优条件为硫酸2.8mol/L、盐酸1.0mol/L、温度90℃，此条件下砷锑浸出率响应值分别为99.10％和80.00％，实际值分别为99.60％和80.07％。通过实验验证了模型的较优优区域,结果表明这些模型是可靠和准确的。     

用钙、镁和锑深度除铋

为了实现铅的深度除铋,对钙、镁添加量以及锑处理和温度对铅中除铋深度的影响进行研究,并对除铋机理进行讨论。结果表明,当钙、镁添加量分别达到0.112%和0.395%时,在330℃时不用添加锑就可以使产品的含铋量降低到0.001%。维持镁加入量为0.155%,当钙添加量低于0.09%（包晶反应点的浓度）,随后采用锑处理可以很容易使铋含量降到0.001%;但当钙添加量大于0.09%时,锑处理对除铋的作用效果越来越差。     

掺锑氧化锡纳米粉体的制备与表征

以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,NH3为共沉淀剂,在表面活性剂存在下,采用室温固相法制备锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO)纳米粉体。探讨了掺锑量、表面活性剂对ATO粉体性能的影响。运用IR、XRD、TEM、比表面仪(BET)等对ATO粉体进行了表征。结果表明,当锑掺杂量为12.3%时,ATO纳米粉体具有最小电阻率,为3.36Ω·cm,ATO粉体为四方晶红石结构,颗粒形状为近似球形,粒度均匀,一次粒径为10 nm左右。     

锑白炉生产过程自动化控制系统设计

介绍锑白炉生产过程自动化控制系统设计,通过分析锑白炉生产过程各检测及控制参量的要求,进行智能模块系统及生产现场摄像监控系统配置,实现集散式监控、报警、录像、智能化检索回放及系统管理等诸多功能.     

纳米锑颗粒粒径对润滑油摩擦性能的影响

采用硅烷偶联剂KH-570作为表面分散剂,利用机械球磨法制备了不同粒径的纳米锑颗粒,将其分散到900SN基础油中,在CFT-1型材料性能测试仪上进行往复式摩擦实验,考察其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能。采用SEM和EDS分析了45钢钢盘磨损表面的形貌和化学成分。结果表明:纳米锑颗粒以微观填充与黏着的机制对磨损表面起到修复作用。随着纳米锑颗粒粒径的减小和摩擦载荷的增大,试验润滑油的减摩、抗磨效果越明显。其中,含粒径为40 nm的锑颗粒润滑油在高载荷下表现出优异的减摩与抗磨性能。     

陕西山阳某锑矿试验研究

陕西山阳县某锑矿,原矿含锑2.27%,硫2.85%,砷0.27%。通过试验选择糊精、硅酸钠作为组合抑制剂,正丁醇作为起泡剂,有效抑制了石英、黄铁矿、毒砂矿物进入锑精矿中。采用一段磨矿、一次粗选、一次扫选、两次精选的工艺流程,最终获得产率3.45%、锑品位59.42%、回收率90.31%的锑精矿。     

砷碱渣浸出液氧化脱锑试验

考察了双氧水的加入方式和加入量、反应温度、氧化时间等对砷碱渣浸出液氧化脱锑效果的影响,以及电位与脱锑率的关系。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:常温、反应时间60min、双氧水加入量为原液体积的0.6%(等价于每克锑17.65 mL)、双氧水进料时间控制在反应的前1/3时间段、反应终点电位-550~-450mV。脱锑率可达到95%以上,氧化后得到的锑酸钠纯度可达到91.83%,达到市售普通锑酸钠的品质要求。该技术突破了价态调控还原浸出液中锑的关键技术。