高速PCB设计经验与体会

高速PCB设计已成为数字系统设计中的主流技术,PCB的设计质量直接关系到系统性能的好坏乃至系统功能的实现。针对高速PCB的设计要求,结合笔者设计经验,按照PCB设计流程,对PCB设计中需要重点关注的设计原则进行了归类。详细阐述了PCB的叠层设计、元器件布局、接地、PCB布线等高速PCB设计中需要遵循的设计原则和设计方法以及需要注意的问题等。按照笔者所述方法设计的高速复杂数模混合电路,其地噪很低,电磁兼容性很好。     

Polyoxometalate modified inorganic–organic nanocomposite materials for energy storage applications: A review

Modification of organic substrates with inorganic polyoxometalate (POM) clusters can be used to engineer nanocomposite materials with improved properties and diverse functionalities. This review will outline concepts and methodologies for fabricating POM based inorganic–organic composite materials with a special focus on the electrochemical functionality of these composites for energy storage applications. The strengths and limitations of three different fabrication techniques, chemisorption to a carbon surface, immobilization in a polymer matrix, and layer-by-layer self-assembly will be assessed. Furthermore, the latest developments in the use of POM nanocomposite materials in energy storage applications like electrochemical capacitors (ECs) and lithium ion batteries will be presented. This review will highlight the issues and challenges that need to be addressed to achieve inorganic–organic POM nanocomposites able to support high performance energy storage applications.     

Adaptive Boolean Logic Using Ferroelectrics Capacitors as Basic Units of Artificial Neurons and Its Implementation in FPGA

In this work we propose the implementation of boolean logic through artificial neurons with Ferroelectric Capacitor (FeCapacitor) as its basic unit on a reconfigurable hardware platform. Two neurons were implemented: the Perceptron and the Spiking Neuron model. Both neurons use the phenomenon of the hysteresis loop as an activation function and were embedded on a Field Gate Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) hardware platform. The implementations were carried out by Simulink models and hardware synthesizable blocks from DSP Builder software and the results are shown in the form of the models and the boolean functions implemented by them.     

家用变频空调室外机控制器PFC电路设计

PFC电路是家用变频空调室外机控制器基本的单元电路之一,根据控制电路的不同,分为无源和有源PFC两大类,有源PFC电路因其优点多而得到很好的发展。目前,有源PFC的整流滤波电路通常用少量大容值的铝电解电容组成,存在成本高和寿命短的问题。本论文介绍一种新的有源PFC高压整流滤波电路,它由多数量小容值铝电解电容并联组成,辅以电流均流化设计,有效降低电容的ESR值,减小电容的发热,提升控制器寿命。     

基于改进粒子群算法的配网电容器优化配置

随着国民经济发展,配电网规模不断扩大。依照经验配置电容器的局限性日益显著,具体表现为电容器容量配置的不足或过剩,部分电容器需要时由于局部电压的限制而不能投入。将模拟退火粒子群算法用于解决配电网电容器优化配置问题,建立了相应的数学模型,目标函数为配电网有功网损费用、电容器的购置及安装总费用最小,该算法将电容器的安装位置及安装容量离散化,采用基于适应度值的动态阈值来控制实施局部搜索的粒子数目,来改善算法摆脱局部极值点的能力,提高算法的收敛速度和精度。对一个33节点配电网的电容器优化配置结果表明了模拟退火粒子群算法的合理性和优越性。     

Synthesis of Amorphous Hydrous Ruthenium Dioxide for Electrochemical Capacitors

采用改性的中和反应及热处理工艺合成了电化学电容器用无定形水合二氧化钌材料（RuO2·xH2O）,并以高导电性石墨板作集流体,研究了合成材料的电化学性能。实验中,以自制的喷雾装置和十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）分别作为反应辅助分散技术和表面分散剂。结果表明,合成材料的前驱体经175 ℃处理后,可获得大比表面积（218 m2/g）、蓬松状、深黑色无定形的高性能电极材料。循环伏安实验（CV）结果表明,该合成材料具有较好的比电容（995 F/g at 1mV/s）和倍率特性;电化学交流阻抗（EIS）实验进一步证明了该材料具有较低的等效串联内阻（～25 mΩ）,同时验证了材料的倍率特性良好。合成材料有望在国防及民用领域电化学电容器中得到潜在应用     

淀粉模板法辅助合成二氧化锰纳米棒及其电容特性研究

以淀粉为模板,结合浸渍-煅烧法合成了MnO2纳米棒,对产物晶型结构、形貌大小和电容特性等进行表征。测试结果表明所得样品为α-MnO2纳米棒,其平均直径为20 nm左右,平均长度约为75 nm。在1.0 mol/L的Na2SO4电解液中,01.0V电位区间内,充放电电流为2.0、5.0、10.0 mA时,所制备的α-MnO2放电比电容分别达到了186、120、90 F/g。2 mA恒流充放电1 000次后,MnO2的放电比容量保持率为91%。     

Cycle stability of birnessite manganese dioxide for electrochemical capacitors

A combination of step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to examine the electrochemical cycling behaviour of a well-characterized birnessite-phase manganese dioxide sample for use in electrochemical capacitors. The resistance and interfacial properties of the macroscopic electrode were found to be irreversible with cycling. However, the corresponding properties for the individual particles were more reversible, although they did show substantial hysteresis in their behaviour during cycling. This behaviour was discussed in terms of the structural, conductivity and morphological characteristics of the birnessite at different depths of discharge.     

A comparative study of tunable Ba1−x Sr x TiO3 thin film capacitors prepared by rf-sputtering and liquid-phase deposition

Abstract

Ba_1?x Sr _x TiO₃ thin film capacitors have been successfully prepared using rf-sputtering and a metal organic deposition (MOD) method. The structure, microstructure and composition of the BSTO films are presented. Films grown on lanthanum aluminate LAO(100) showed c-axis preferred growth orientation. Broad paraelectric-to-ferroelectric transitions were observed in films prepared by both methods. The tunability of the capacitance by means of an appplied electric field is examined using various capacitor geometries. A decrease in the capacitance exceeding 75% at 77 K was obtained from the MOD deposited films under an electric field strength of 0.3 MV/cm. On the other hand, the tunability of the capacitance in the rf-sputtered films ranged from 5 to 10% at 77 K and at 20 kV/cm, while it exceeds 50% in some films. The results are compared with the predictions of Devonshire's phenomenological theory.