一种面向汉英口语翻译的双语语块处理方法

基于语块的处理方法是近年来自然语言处理领域兴起的一条新思路。但是,要将其应用于口语翻译当中,还需按照口语特点对涉及双语的语块概念做出合理界定。本文在已有单语语块定义的基础上,根据中、英文差异和口语翻译特性,从句法和语义两个层次提出了一种汉英双语语块概念,并对其特点进行了分析。同时,针对中、英文并行语料库,建立了一套计算机自动划分与人工校对相结合的双语语块加工方法。应用该方法,对汉英句子级对齐的口语语料进行双语语块划分和对整,并以此为基础进行了基于双语语块的口语统计机器翻译实验。结果表明,本文提出的双语语块定义符合口语翻译的实际需要,使用基于双语语块的语料处理方法,能有效地提高口语系统的翻译性能。     

一种新的自纠错句对齐算法的研究与实现

本文提出了一种基于词性的判别函数,用来自动识别句子对齐结果的正确性。通过反向采用基于长度的对齐算法,纠正了初步对齐产生的连续性错误。该方法节省了人力,同时提高了对齐结果的正确率。实验结果表明,本模型开放集测试的召回率达到97.60%,已满足实际应用的需求。     

Unleashing the killer corpus: experiences in creating the multi-everything AMI Meeting Corpus

The AMI Meeting Corpus contains 100 h of meetings captured using many synchronized recording devices, and is designed to support work in speech and video processing, language engineering, corpus linguistics, and organizational psychology. It has been transcribed orthographically, with annotated subsets for everything from named entities, dialogue acts, and summaries to simple gaze and head movement. In this written version of an LREC conference keynote address, I describe the data and how it was created. If this is “killer” data, that presupposes a platform that it will “sell”; in this case, that is the NITE XML Toolkit, which allows a distributed set of users to create, store, browse, and search annotations for the same base data that are both time-aligned against signal and related to each other structurally. This paper is an extended version of a Keynote Address presented at the Language Resources & Evaluation Conference, Genoa, May 2006.     

Translation with Scarce Bilingual Resources

Machine translation of human languages is a field almost as old as computers themselves. Recent approaches to this challenging problem aim at learning translation knowledge automatically (or semi-automatically) from online text corpora, especially human-translated documents. For some language pairs, substantial translation resources exist, and these corpus-based systems can perform well. But for most language pairs, data is scarce, andcurrent techniques do not work well. To examine the gap betweenhuman and machine translators, we created an experiment in which humanbeings were asked to translate an unknown language into English on thesole basis of a very small bilingual text. Participants performed quite well,and debriefings revealed a number of valuable strategies. We discuss thesestrategies and apply some of them to a statistical translation system.     

Contextual Text Mining Framework for Unstructured Textual Judicial Corpora through Ontologies

Digitalization has changed the way of information processing, and new techniques of legal data processing are evolving. Text mining helps to analyze and search different court cases available in the form of digital text documents to extract case reasoning and related data. This sort of case processing helps professionals and researchers to refer the previous case with more accuracy in reduced time. The rapid development of judicial ontologies seems to deliver interesting problem solving to legal knowledge formalization. Mining context information through ontologies from corpora is a challenging and interesting field. This research paper presents a three tier contextual text mining framework through ontologies for judicial corpora. This framework comprises on the judicial corpus, text mining processing resources and ontologies for mining contextual text from corpora to make text and data mining more reliable and fast. A top-down ontology construction approach has been adopted in this paper. The judicial corpus has been selected with a sufficient dataset to process and evaluate the results. The experimental results and evaluations show significant improvements in comparison with the available techniques.     

实义词和相对位置的双语平行语料库自动构建

双语语料库自动对齐是自然语言处理的一个重要研究课题。针对基于词典的英汉双语句子对齐算法存在的缺点,提出了基于词典和相对位置高效英汉对齐算法,该算法在多数情况下具有较高的准确率,效率比传统算法好,通过理论的分析和实验对比可知,该算法是可行的。     

基于译文的英汉双语句子自动对齐

双语语料库的自动对齐已成为机器翻译研究中的一个重要研究课题.目前的句子对齐方法有基于长度的方法和基于词汇的方法,该文先分析了基于长度的方法,然后提出了基于译文的方法：通过使用一部翻译较完整的词典作为桥梁,把英汉句子之间的对应关系连接起来.根据英语文本中的单词,在词典中找到其对应的译文,并以译文到汉语句子中去匹配,根据评价函数和动态规划算法找到对齐句对.实验结果证明这种对齐方法消除了基于长度做法中错误蔓延的情况,它大大地提高了对齐的精度,其效果是令人满意的.     

Automatically annotating a five-billion-word corpus of Japanese blogs for sentiment and affect analysis

This paper presents our research on automatic annotation of a five-billion-word corpus of Japanese blogs with information on affect and sentiment. We first perform a study in emotion blog corpora to discover that there has been no large scale emotion corpus available for the Japanese language. We choose the largest blog corpus for the language and annotate it with the use of two systems for affect analysis: ML-Ask for word- and sentence-level affect analysis and CAO for detailed analysis of emoticons. The annotated information includes affective features like sentence subjectivity (emotive/non-emotive) or emotion classes (joy, sadness, etc.), useful in affect analysis. The annotations are also generalized on a two-dimensional model of affect to obtain information on sentence valence (positive/negative), useful in sentiment analysis. The annotations are evaluated in several ways. Firstly, on a test set of a thousand sentences extracted randomly and evaluated by over forty respondents. Secondly, the statistics of annotations are compared to other existing emotion blog corpora. Finally, the corpus is applied in several tasks, such as generation of emotion object ontology or retrieval of emotional and moral consequences of actions.     

The century of prose corpus: A half-million word historical data base

The Century of Prose Corpus is a historical corpus of British English of the period 1680–1780. It has been designed to provide a resource for students of the language of that era. The COPC is diachronic and may be considered a unit in what will eventually become a series of corpora providing access to the whole of the English language from the oldest specimens to the present. This article describes and explains the various features of the COPC.Louis T. Milic is Professor of English Emeritus at Cleveland State University. He retired from teaching in 1991 and has been Secretary-Treasurer of the Dictionary Society of North America since 1990. He has also occupied himself with research and publication: Zeugmas in Gibbon's History,Prose Studies (1991), Fielding's Linguistic Sub-Stratum,Orbis Litterarum (1990).     

三元组可比语料库自动剖析技术研究与应用

国内外基于语料库的翻译研究主要集中在翻译共性、翻译规范、译者风格和翻译培训等涉及翻译理论和翻译实践方面的研究;提出的基于三元组可比语料库的自动语言剖析技术扩大了该研究领域的内涵,使其包括面向自然语言处理的应用研究。从工程可实现性考虑,创新性地提出了建造三元组可比语料库,利用n-元词串、关键词簇和语义多词表达等自动抽取技术,通过对比中式英语表达,发掘英语本族语言模型,实现改进和发展机器翻译、跨语言信息检索等自然语言处理应用的目标。