“剑光一号”Marx电容器寿命测试

对国产50kV/0.44μF电容器进行了抽样测试,在国内首次开展了电容器寿命可靠性初步研究,在此基础上对"剑光一号"Marx发生器可靠性进行了预估。实验表明,电容器故障主要为边缘和电极引出部位的绝缘击穿,分析认为这与电极/电介质边缘处的电场较强有关。利用电容器失效数据拟合得到Weibll分布特征参数,根据95%置信区间内电容器的失效概率,得到了该型电容器在50kV下的平均预期寿命约7 300次,Marx发生器中66只电容器的平均故障间隔次数为221次。     

200kV多级多通道火花开关

模块化直线型脉冲变压器(LTD)是脉冲功率技术中的一种新型初级储能装置,开关是其关键部件之一,多极多通道闭合开关工作时能够形成多通道放电,具有电感小的优势。为了研究用于电流上升时间约100ns、电流峰值约100kA的LTD模块设计了一种标称电压为200kV(±100kV)多极多通道气体开关。通过对开关的电场数值计算,对开关设计进行了验证和优化,并对开关的静态特性和动态特性进行了初步的实验研究,结果证明,开关电感<30nH,并且具有工作范围宽,触发特性好,工作稳定等特点,初步实验表明能够满足模块的要求。     

Characterization of Cable Gun Plasma with a Charge Collector Array

The density,drift velocity and reproducibility of the plasma produced by a cable plasma gun array have been measured with a charge collector array,The plasma is used to prefill a coaxial plasma-opening switch with a conducting time approaching 0.4us,The reproducibility of the plasma source in subsequent shots is better than 5%.Near the gun nozzle and the opposite electrode,the plasma density amounts to 10^15cm%-3,which is 2 times to 3 times that in the gap between the two coaxial electrodes.A plasma drift velocity of about 2.4cm/μs is observed from the time of flight of the charged particles.Both plasma density and drift velocity increase almost linearly with the rise in charge voltage.     

同轴型场畸变气体火花开关的研制

介绍了为DPF-300型脉冲电流源同步放电系统研制的同轴型场畸变火花开关。通过电场数值计算,对场畸变火花开关的设计进行了验证,对开关的自击穿特性及触发特性进行了实验研究。试验表明,所设计的同轴型三电极场畸变气体火花开关与原DPF-200型所用开关相比,具有电感小、触发特性好等优点,已成功地应用于DPF-300型脉冲电流源的同步放电系统     

双平行电极场畸变气体火花开关电极优化与实验研究

为适应新型低电感电容,笔者优化设计了应用于电缆绕组型直线脉冲变压器的新型双平行电极场畸变气体火花开关。对触发电极处于主放电通道和未处于主放电通道的两种电极结构进行了仿真模拟,通过模拟发现不同触发电极位置对开关电场分布无明显影响。分别对触发电极不同位置的场畸变火花开关进行实验,开展了不同电极结构的静态耐压、触发延迟实验。实验数据表明,触发电极处于主放电通道上时,开关的静态特性和触发特性较好。     

利用光纤传感器诊断气体开关放电特性的初步研究

介绍了应用两种光纤传感器对气体开关放电进行诊断的方法。相对于传统的电磁测量方法,它更适用于某些特定的场合。试验研究表明,这两种光纤传感器均可以定性反映直流自击穿和触发击穿的开关放电特性,其中,紫外光纤传感器更适合捕捉开关放电的起始时刻。     

直接驱动Z箍缩的FLTD型脉冲功率源的发展

介绍了快直线型变压器（FLTD）脉冲源的技术特点;概述了美国圣地亚国家实验室与俄罗斯强流电子学研究所合作研制的FLTD—Z模块的新进展,基于FLTD拟重复频率运行的针对聚变能源（IFE）应用的原理性样机Z—POP装置,以及下一代惯性约束核聚变（ICF）和IFE用的指标为6MV,60MA／90MA和100nsFLTD型直接驱动脉冲源的概念设想;初步分析了FLTD直接驱动源需要研究的关键技术。     

Optical Diagnostics of Multi-Gap Gas Switches for Linear Transformer Drivers

The trigger characteristics of a multi-gap gas switch with double insulating layers,a square-groove electrode supporter and a UV pre-ionizing structure are investigated aided by a high sensitivity fiber-bundle array detector, a UV fiber detector, and a framing camera, in addition to standard electrical diagnostics. The fiber-bundle-array detector is used to track the turn-on sequence of each electrode gap at a timing precision of 0.6 ns. Each fiber bundle, including five fibers with different azimuth angles, aims at the whole emitting area of each electrode gap and is fed to a photomultiplier tube. The UV fiber detector with a spectrum response of 260-320 nm,including a fused-quartz fiber of 200 μm in diameter and a solar-blinded photomultiplier tube, is adopted to study the effect of UV pre-ionizing on trigger characteristics. The framing camera,with a capacity of 4 frames per shot and an exposure time of 5 ns, is employed to capture the evolution of channel arcs. Based on the turn-on light signal of each electrode gap, the breakdown delay is divided into statistical delay and formative delay. A decrease in both of them, a smaller switch jitter and more channel arcs are observed with lower gas pressure. An increase in trigger voltage can reduce the statistical delay and its jitter, while higher trigger voltage has a relatively small influence on the formative delay and the number of channel arcs. With the UV pre-ionizing structure at 0.24 MPa gas pressure and 60 kV trigger voltage, the statistical delay and its jitter can be reduced by 1.8 ns and 0.67 ns, while the formative delay and its jitter can only be reduced by 0.5 ns and 0.25 ns.